List of places named after Vladimir Lenin
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This is a list of places which are named or renamed after Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by his alias Lenin. Some or all of the locations in former Soviet republics and satellites were renamed (frequently reverting to pre-Soviet names) after the fall of the Soviet Union, while Russia and aligned countries (mainly Belarus) retained the names of the thousands of streets, avenues, squares, regions, towns, and cities that were given Lenin's name as part of his cult of personality.[1][2][3]
Cities, towns, settlements and districts
editFormer Soviet Union
editAzerbaijan
edit- Ilyich (1924–1990) — Şərur, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
- Lenin, Leninkend, and Leninfeld — Çinarlı, Shamkir
- Leninabad — Kərimbəyli, Babek
- Leninabad — Yeni yol, Shamkir
- Leninabad — Sanqalan
- Leninabad — Təklə, Gobustan
- Leninavan — Həsənqaya, Tartar
- Leninkənd — Qarakeçdi
- Leninkend — Mustafabəyli
- Port-İliç — Lankaran Rayon, now called Liman
- Pamyat' Lenina — Balıqçılar
Armenia
edit- Leninakan (1924–1990) — Gyumri
Kazakhstan
editKyrgyzstan
editMoldova
edit- Lenin, Transnistria, a commune in Transnistria
Russia
edit- Leninaul, a town in Dagestan
- Leningori (1924?-1990) — Akhalgori/Leningor (from 1990), South Ossetia
- Leningrad (1924–1991) — St. Petersburg
- Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject
- Leninkent, a town in Dagestan
- Leninogorsk, Republic of Tatarstan, founded in 1948
- Leninsk, a town in Volgograd Oblast
- Leninsk, an urban-type settlement in Chelyabinsk Oblast
- Leningradsky, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, an urban-type settlement in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
- Leninsk (1918–1929) — Taldom, Moscow Oblast
- Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Kemerovo Oblast, known as Kolchugino before 1925
- Leninskaya Sloboda, a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- Gorki Leninskiye, Moscow Oblast, known as Gorki before 1924
- Leninskoye, a town in Kirov Oblast
- Leninskoye, a town in Leninsky District in Jewish Autonomous Oblast
- Leninsky, a town in Leninsky District in Tula Oblast
- Leninsky, a town in Yakutia
- Novo-Lenino, a district in Irkutsk
- Ulyanovsk, Russia — known as Simbirsk before 1924
- Leninsky District in several federal subjects (disambiguation page)
Tajikistan
edit- Leninabad (1936–1992) — Khujand
- Leningrad or Leningradskiy — Mu'minobod
Ukraine
edit- Illichivsk (1952–2016) — Chornomorsk, Odesa Oblast
- Lenin Raion, Sevastopol
Uzbekistan
edit- Leninsk (?-?) — Asaka
Eastern Europe
editHungary
edit- Leninváros (1970–1991) — Tiszaújváros
Streets and squares
editAlmost every town in the Soviet Union had a street named after Lenin. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some of streets and squares (primarily outside of Russia and Belarus) reverted to their former names or were given new ones. In Russia, there are still 5,000 streets named after Lenin.[4][5][6] This concerns also the names of city districts. Listed below are some of the streets named after Lenin, with an emphasis on those outside of the former USSR or its Eastern Bloc.
On 15 May 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a bill into law that started a six months period for the removal of communist monuments and the mandatory renaming of settlements and (the many) streets and squares with names related to the communist regime.[7] Places in Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, and Luhansk People's Republic were not practically affected by this law due to their occupation by Russia.
Former Soviet Union
editArmenia
edit- Lenini hraparak (Lenin Square) – now Independence Square, Gyumri
- Lenini hraparak (Lenin Square), 1940–1990 – now Republic Square, Yerevan
- Lenini poghota (Lenin Avenue), 1924–1990 – now Mashtots Avenue, Yerevan
Azerbaijan
edit- Lenin meydanı (Lenin Square) – now Azadliq Square, Baku
Belarus
edit- Lieninski praspiekt (Lenin's Avenue), 1961–1991 – now Independence Avenue, Minsk
- Vulica Lienina (Lenin Street), Brest
- Vulica Lienina (Lenin Street), Grodno
- Vulica Lienina (Lenin Street), Minsk
- Plošča Lienina (Lenin Square), Brest
- Plošča Lienina (Lenin Square, metro station), Minsk
- Praspiekt Lienina (Lenin Avenue), Gomel
- Praspiekt Lienina (Lenin Avenue), Zhodzina
Estonia
edit- Lenini prospekt (Lenin Prospekt), 1950–1994 – now Joala tänav, Narva[8]
- Lenini puiestee (Lenin Avenue), ?–1991 – now Pikk tänav, Pärnu[8]
- Lenini puiestee (Lenin Avenue), 1950–1991 – now Rävala puiestee, Tallinn[8]
- V. I. Lenini puiestee (V. I. Lenin Avenue) – now Viru puiestee, Sillamäe[8]
- Lenini tänav (Lenin Street), 1951–1990 – now Uus tänav, Kuressaare[8]
- Lenini tänav (Lenin Street), ?–1989 – now Kesktänav, Põltsamaa[8]
- Lenini tänav (Lenin Street), ?–1994 – Tapa[8]
- Lenini tänav (Lenin Street), ?–1989 – now Kesktänav and Riia tänav, Valga[8]
- Lenini tänav (Lenin Street), ?–1990 – now Jüri tänav, Võru[8]
- Lenini väljak (Lenin Square), ?–1991 – now Riiamäe plats, Tartu[8]
- V. I. Lenini tänav (V. I. Lenin Street), ?–1992 – now Jaama tänav, Jõhvi[8]
Georgia
edit- Leninis Moedani (Lenin Square) – now Freedom Square, Tbilisi
Kazakhstan
edit- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1919–1995 – now Dostyq Avenue, Almaty
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Karaganda
Latvia
edit- Ļeņina iela (Lenin Street), 1950–1991 – now Brīvības iela, Riga[9]
- Ļeņina prospekts (Lenin Avenue), 1960–1990 – now Lielā iela, Jelgava[10]
Lithuania
edit- Lenino aikšte (Lenin Square), 1952–1991 – now Lukiškės Square, Vilnius
- Lenino prospektas (Lenin Avenue), ?–1989 – now Vytauto prospektas, Kaunas
- Lenino prospektas (Lenin Avenue), 1961–1989 – now Gediminas Avenue, Vilnius
Moldova
edit- Strada Lenin (Lenin Street), 1944–1952 and Bulevardul Lenin (Lenin Boulevard), 1952–1990 – now Bulevardul Ștefan cel Mare și Sfînt, Chișinău
- Strada Lenin (Lenin Street), Comrat
Russia
edit- Leninskaya Ploshchad (Lenin Square) – now Paveletskaya Ploshchad, Moscow
- Ploshchad Lenina (Lenin Square), Arkhangelsk
- Ploshchad Lenina (Lenin Square), Nizhny Novgorod
- Ploshchad Lenina (Lenin Square), Novosibirsk
- Ploshchad Lenina (Lenin Square), Saint Petersburg
- Leninsky Prospekt (Lenin Avenue), Moscow
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Elektrostal
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Murmansk
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Nizhny Novgorod
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Volgograd
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), Yekaterinburg
- Lenina ulitsa (Lenin Street) – now Kremlinskaya Ulitsa, Kazan
- Lenina ulitsa (Lenin Street), Pechory[8]
- Lenina ulitsa (Lenin Street), Saint Petersburg
- Leninskaya Ulitsa (Lenin Street), Samara
- Ulitsa Lenina (Lenin Street), Astrakhan
- Ulitsa Lenina (Lenin Street), Perm
- Ulitsa Lenina (Lenin Street), Novosibirsk
Tajikistan
edit- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1961–1992 – now Rudaki Avenue, Dushanbe
Ukraine
edit- Ploshcha Lenina (Площа Леніна, Lenin Square), Donetsk
- Prospekt Lenina (Проспект Леніна, Lenin Avenue), Alchevsk
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1959–1990 – now Svobody Prospekt, Lviv
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1960–2016 – now Prospekt Miru, Mariupol
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1960–2016 – now Tsentralnyi Prospekt, Mykolaiv
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), ?–2016 – now Sobornyi Prospekt, Oleksandriia
- Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Avenue), 1952–2016 – now Sobornyi Prospekt, Zaporizhia
- Vulytsya Lenina (Вулиця Леніна, Lenin Street) – now Vulytsya Yevheniya Kharchenka, Kyiv
- Vulytsya Lenina (Lenin Street), ?–1994 – now Vulytsya Rishelievska, Odesa
Uzbekistan
edit- V.I. Lenin nomidagi maydon (V.I. Lenin Square), 1956–1991 – now Mustaqillik Maydoni, Tashkent
Eastern Europe
editBulgaria
edit- Bulevard V.I. Lenin (Lenin Boulevard) – now Tsarigradsko shose, Sofia
- Ploshtad Lenin (Lenin Square) – now Ploshtad Sveta Nedelya, Sofia
Czechoslovakia
edit- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) — now Evropská třída, Prague
- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) — now Kounicova ul., Brno
- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) — now Klišská ul., Ústí nad Labem
- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) — now ul. Palackého, Plzeň
- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) — now ul. E. Beneše, Písek
- Leninova ulice (Lenin Street) – now Nádražní, Krnov
- Leninovo nábrežie (Lenin riverbank) — now Nábrežie Jána Pavla II., Poprad
- Ulica V. I. Lenina (V. I. Lenin Street)[11] — Šoporňa
- Leninova (Lenin (metro station)) – now Dejvická, Prague
- Leninova (Lenin Street) – now Hlavná ulica, Košice
Hungary
edit- Lenin körút (Lenin boulevard) – now Tisza Lajos körút, Szeged
- Lenin körút (Lenin boulevard) – now Erzsébet körút and Teréz körút, Budapest
- Lenin tér (Lenin square) – now Hatvani kapu tér, Eger[12]
Poland
edit- Aleja Lenina (Lenin Avenue) – now Aleja Henryka, Chrzanów
- Aleja Lenina (Lenin Avenue) – now Aleja Jana Pawła II, Częstochowa
- Aleja Lenina (Lenin Avenue) – now Ulica Chorzowska, Świętochłowice
- Ulica Lenina (Lenin Street), 1949–1990 – now Ulica Jana Klemensa Branickiego, Białystok
- Ulica Lenina (Lenin Street) – now Ulica Andersa, Tychy
- Ulica Lenina (Lenin Street) – now Ulica Brata Alberta, Warsaw
- Aleja Włodzimierza Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Avenue), 1958–1991 – now Aleja Solidarności, Kraków
- Aleja Włodzimierza Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Avenue) – now Aleja Mieczysława Smorawińskiego and Aleja Generała Władysława Andersa, Lublin
- Ulica Włodzimierza Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Street) – now Ulica Henryka Le Ronda, Katowice
- Ulica Włodzimierza Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Street) – now Ulica Armii Krajowej, Kołobrzeg
- Ulica Włodzimierza Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Street) – now Ulica Stróżowska, Sanok
Romania
edit- Strada V.I. Lenin (V.I. Lenin Street) – now Strada Revoluției, Târgu Mureş
- Bulevardul Lenin (Lenin Boulevard) - now Bulevardul 21 Decembrie 1989, Cluj-Napoca
- Strada V.I. Lenin (V.I. Lenin Street) – now Strada Mihai Eminescu, Timișoara
Slovakia
edit- Leninová (Lenin Street), Veľké Úľany
- V.I. Lenina (V.I. Lenin Street), Šoporňa
- Leninová (Lenin Street), Bušince
Western Europe
editFrance
edit- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Achères, Yvelines
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Bègles
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Fontaine
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Gentilly
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Gonfreville-l'Orcher
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Lanester
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Romainville
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Saint-Denis
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Saint-Pierre-des-Corps
- Avenue Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Villejuif
- Avenue Vladimir Illitch Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Nanterre
- Avenue Vladimir Illitch Lenine (Vladimir Ilich Lenin Avenue), Arcueil
- Avenue Vladimir Illitch Oulianov Lénine (Lenin Avenue), Lorient
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Argenteuil
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Bobigny
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Eymoutiers
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Tremblay-en-France
- Boulevard Lénine (Lenin Boulevard), Vénissieux
- Passerelle Lénine (Lenin footbridge), Bègles
- Passerelle Lénine (Lenin footbridge), Alès
- Place Lénine (Lenin Square), Bègles
- Place Lénine (Lenin Square), Bezons
- Place Lénine, Champigny-sur-Marne / France
- Place Lénine, Saint-Junien / France
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Bagnolet
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Blainville-sur-Orne
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Fenain
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Ivry-sur-Seine
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), L'Île-Saint-Denis
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), La Courneuve
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Longueau
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Montataire
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Montigny-en-Gohelle
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Nauroy
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Neuf-Mesnil
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Persan
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Petite-Forêt
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Portes-lès-Valence
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Saint-Cyr-l'École
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Saint-Martin-d'Hères
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Somain
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Thenon
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Unieux
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Vierzon
- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Viry-Châtillon
- Cité Lénine (Housing project), 68 av de la République, Aubervilliers, Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris
Finland
edit- Lenininpuisto (Lenin Park), Helsinki
Germany
edit- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Landsberger Allee, Berlin
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue), Cottbus
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Lindenallee, Eisenhüttenstadt
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Am grünen Tal, Schwerin
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Zeppelinstraße, Potsdam
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Merseburger Straße, Halle
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue) – now Talstraße, Meissen
- Leninallee (Lenin Avenue), Stendal
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square) – now Platz der Vereinten Nationen (United Nations Square), Berlin
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square) – now Wiener Platz (Vienna Square), Dresden
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Borne, Saxony-Anhalt
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Bützow
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Edderitz
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Ostrau (Petersberg, Saxony-Anhalt)
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Falkensee
- Leninplatz (Lenin Square), Könnern
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street) – now Prager Straße (Prague Street), Leipzig
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Etgersleben
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Premnitz
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Saubach
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Teutschenthal
- Leninstraße (Lenin Street), Zschornewitz
Italy
edit- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Bibbiano, Reggio Emilia
- Piazza Lenin (Lenin Square), Cavriago
- Piazza Lenin (Lenin Square), Scicli
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Capraia e Limite
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Castiglione del Lago
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Caorso, Piacenza
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Chiusi
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Castelvetro di Modena
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Carpi
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Concordia sulla Secchia, Modena
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Cosenza
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Ferrara
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Garlasco, Pavia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Lecce
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Lula
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Marsciano
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Mede, Pavia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Melendugno, Lecce
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Modena
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Monticelli d'Ongina, Piacenza
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Misterbianco, Catania
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Monsummano Terme, Pistoia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Panicale
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Paullo
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Pisa
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Quattro Castella, Reggio Emilia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Rome
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), San Giuliano Terme, Pisa
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), San Polo d'Enza, Reggio Emilia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), San Stino di Livenza, Venezia
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Spoleto
- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Zibido San Giacomo, Milan
- Viale Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Bologna
- Viale Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Castel Volturno
- Viale Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Genzano di Roma
- Viale Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Palma di Montechiaro
- Viale Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Suzzara
United Kingdom
edit- Lenin Terrace, Chopwell / England[13]
- Lenin Terrace, Stanley / England[14]
- Bevin Court, London, England, was originally intended be called Lenin Court. However, two letters of the building's sign were replaced to rename it after Ernest Bevin who died between its completion and inauguration. A bust of Lenin in the grounds was left in place, but was eventually removed after having been repeatedly vandalised by anti-communists.[15]
Southeastern Europe
editMontenegro
edit- Bulevar Lenjina (Lenin Boulevard), 1948–1991 – now Bulevar Svetog Petra Cetinjski, Podgorica
- Bulevar Lenjina, Cetinje
Serbia
edit- Bulevar Lenjina (Lenin Boulevard), 1948–1997 – now Bulevar Mihaila Pupina, New Belgrade
- Bulevar Lenjina, now Bulevar Nemanjića, Niš
- Bulevar Lenjina, Loznica
Africa
editAngola
edit- Avenida Lenin (Lenin Avenue), Luanda
Benin
edit- Place Lenin (Lenin Square), Cotonou
Mozambique
edit- Avenida Vladimir Lenine (Vladimir Lenin Avenue), Maputo
South Africa
edit- Lenin Street, Alberton
Somalia
edit- Via Lenin (Lenin Street), Mogadishu
Tunisia
edit- Rue Lénine (Lenin Street), Tunis
Asia
editIndia
edit- Lenin Sarani (Lenin Street), Kolkata
- Lenin Street, Kolkata
- Lenin Street, Erode
- Lenin Street, Pondicherry, Puducherry
- Lenin Centre, Vijayawada, Andhara Pradesh
- Lenin Chowk, Muzaffarpur
Malaysia
edit- Lenin River, a river in the interior of Sarawak
Vietnam
edit- Lenin Park, Hanoi / Vietnam
- Suối Lenin (Lenin stream), Pắc Pó, Cao Bang
Places and parks
editEastern Europe
editAzerbaijan
edit- Lenin rayonu (Lenin city district), Baku[citation needed]
Belarus
edit- Leninskiy rayon (Ленинский район ~ Lenin city district), Minsk
Czech Republic
edit- Závody V. I. Lenina (V. I. Lenin Works) – now Škoda Plzeň, Plzeň
- Muzeum V. I. Lenina (V. I. Lenin Museum) – now Lidový dům ČSSD (People's House of ČSSD), Prague
Estonia
edit- Lenini rajoon (Lenin city district), Tallinn - later Lõunarajoon (Southern district), now restructured
Russia
edit- Leninskiye gory (Ленинские горы ~ Lenin Hills) – now reverted to their historic name Sparrow Hills (Воробьевы горы), Moscow / Russia
- Leninskiy rayon (Ленинский район ~ Lenin city district) in the following cities;
- Astrakhan
- Barnaul
- Cheboksary
- Chelyabinsk
- Grozny
- Irkutsk
- Ivanovo
- Izhevsk
- Kaluga
- Kemerovo
- Kirov
- Komsomolsk-na-Amure
- Krasnoyarsk
- Magnitogorsk
- Makhachkala
- Murmansk
- Nizhniy Novgorod
- Nizhniy Tagil
- Novosibirsk
- Omsk
- Orenburg
- Orsk
- Penza
- Perm
- Rostov-na-Donu
- Samara
- Saransk
- Saratov
- Smolensk
- Stavropol
- Tambov
- Tomsk
- Tyumen
- Ufa
- Ulyanovsk
- Vladimir
- Vladivostok
- Voronezh
- Yaroslavl
- Yekaterinburg
Tajikistan
edit- Lenin Peak, – now Avicenna Peak
Romania
edit- Raionul Lenin (Lenin city district), Bucharest
Ukraine
edit- V.I. Lenin Memorial Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant), Pripyat
Central America/Caribbean
editCuba
editOther
editA large number of enterprises and other objects in the former Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet bloc were named after Lenin: for example, the nuclear-powered icebreaker Lenin and Lenin Stadiums in many towns and cities. Additionally, every reasonably large settlement had a Lenin Street or Lenin Avenue ("Prospekt Lenina/Leninsky Prospekt"), or a Lenin Square.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Relics of the Soviet era remain in Russia". 23 January 2012.
- ^ "Russia has more than 5,000 streets named for Lenin, and one named for Putin". 10 June 2015.
- ^ "All streets in Ukraine named after Lenin, Marx, and 518 others must be renamed by November 21".
- ^ "Relics of the Soviet era remain in Russia". 23 January 2012.
- ^ "Russia has more than 5,000 streets named for Lenin, and one named for Putin". 10 June 2015.
- ^ "All streets in Ukraine named after Lenin, Marx, and 518 others must be renamed by November 21".
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "KNAB". EKI. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ "Rīgas ielas". Ciltskoki. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ "Jelgavas ielas". Jelgavas pilsētas bibliotēka. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ Way: V. I. Lenina (81047927). OpenStreetMap
- ^ "Street names – Hatvani kapu tér". Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- ^ O'Brien, Sean (10 October 2015). "Sean O'Brien: How I fell under WH Auden's spell". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ^ Henderson, Tony (30 December 2017). "The North East streets named after socialist leaders, radicals and reformers". www.chroniclelive.co.uk. Evening Chronicle. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ^ "The London haunts of VI Lenin". BBC News. 8 May 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2021.