Ledi Sayadaw U Ñaṇadhaja (Burmese: လယ်တီဆရာတော် ဦးဉာဏဓဇ, pronounced [lɛ̀dì sʰəjàdɔ̀ ʔú ɲàna̰dəza̰]; 1 December 1846 – 27 June 1923[1]) was an influential Theravada Buddhist monk. He was recognized from a young age as being developed in both the theory (Abhidhamma) and practice of Buddhism and so was revered as being scholarly.[2] He wrote many books on Dhamma in Burmese and these were accessible even to a serious lay person, hence he was responsible for spreading Dhamma to all levels of society and reviving the traditional practice of Vipassanā meditation, making it more available for renunciates and lay people alike.[1]
Ledi Sayadaw U Ñāṇadhaja လယ်တီဆရာတော် ဦးဉာဏဓဇ | |
|---|---|
 The Venerable Ledi Sayadaw | |
| Title | Sayadaw |
| Personal | |
| Born | Tet Khaung 1 December 1846 (13th waxing of Nadaw 1208 ME) |
| Died | 27 June 1923 (aged 76) |
| Religion | Buddhism |
| Nationality | Burmese |
| School | Theravada |
| Lineage | Ledi |
| Education | Agga Maha Pandita, D.Litt. (Hons.) |
| Dharma names | Ñāṇadhaja ဉာဏဓဇ |
| Occupation | Buddhist monk |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Ledi Monastery, Monywa |
Students
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Biography
editSayadaw began his studies at age 20 in Mandalay at Thanjaun.[1] While there he was considered to be a bright and ambitious young monk[1] but his work was scholarly; there is no evidence that Sayadaw engaged in a serious meditation practice during his years in Mandalay.[1] Leaving Mandalay after a great fire in 1883 caused the loss of his home and his written work to that time, Sayadaw returned to the village of his youth.[1]
Soon, Sayadaw founded a forest monastery in the "Ledi forest" and began practicing and teaching intensive meditation.[1] It was from this monastery that he would take his name, Ledi Sayadaw, meaning "respected teacher of the Ledi forest."[1] In 1885, Ledi Sayadaw wrote the Nwa-myitta-sa (နွားမေတ္တာစာ), a poetic prose letter that argued that Burmese Buddhists should not kill cattle and eat beef, since Burmese farmers depended on them as beasts of burden to maintain their livelihoods, that the marketing of beef for human consumption threatened the extinction of buffalo and cattle and that the practice was ecologically unsound.[3] He subsequently led successful beef boycotts during the colonial era, despite the presence of beef eating among locals and influenced a generation of Burmese nationalists in adopting this stance.[3]
In 1900, Sayadaw gave up control of the monastery and pursued more focused meditation in the mountain caves near the banks of the Chindwin River.[1]
At other times he traveled throughout Burma.[1] Because of his knowledge of pariyatti (theory), he was able to write many books on Dhamma in both Pali and Burmese languages such as, Paramattha-dipani (Manual of Ultimate Truth), Nirutta-dipani, a book on Pali grammar and The Manuals of Dhamma. At the same time he kept alive the pure tradition of patipatti (practice) by teaching the technique of Vipassana to a few people.
Legacy
editLedi Sayadaw was one of the foremost Burmese Buddhist figures of his age.[4] He was instrumental in reviving the traditional practice of Vipassana, making it more available for renunciates and lay people alike.[2] Many of his works are still available, including in English through the Buddhist Publication Society.
After Ledi Sayadaw died in 1923, influential teachers, such as U Ba Khin, Mother Sayamagyi, SN Goenka, Mahasi Sayadaw, and many others, spread the teachings to the West.[2]
Bibliography
edit- A Manual of Excellent Man
- A Manual of Light and The Manual of the Path to Higher Knowledge: Two Expositions of the Buddha’s Teaching
- The Requisites of Enlightenment
- Manual of Insight (Vipassanā Dīpanī)
- Manual of Conditional Relations (Patthanuddesa Dīpanī)
- Manual of Right Views (Vipassanā Dīpanī)
- Manual of the Four Noble Truths (Catusacca Dīpanī)
- Manual of the Factors of Enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiya Dīpanī)
- Manual of the Constituents of the Path (Magganga Dīpanī)
- Manual of Mindfulness of Breathing (Anapana Dīpanī)
- Five Kinds of Light (Alin Kyan)
- 5 Questions on Kamma; Anattanisamsā
- Noble Eightfold Path and Its Factors
- Buddhist Philosophy of Relations
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Braun, Erik (November 12, 2013). "The Insight Revolution". Lion's Roar. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
- ^ a b c Braun, Erik. "The Many Lives of Insight: The Abhidhamma and transformations in Theravada meditation". Harvard Divinity School. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
- ^ a b Charney, Michael (2007). "Demographic Growth, Agricultural Expansion and Livestock in the Lower Chindwin in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". In Greg Bankoff, P. Boomgaard (ed.). A history of natural resources in Asia: the wealth of nature. MacMillan. pp. 236–40. ISBN 978-1-4039-7736-6.
- ^ Mahasi Sayadaw; Steve Armstrong (editor) (2016). Manual of Insight. Wisdom Publications. p. xvii. ISBN 978-1614292777.
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External links
edit- On-line Collection of Writings of Ven. Ledi Sayadaw
- "Ven Ledi Sayadaw". Vipassana Research Institute. Retrieved 23 December 2011. A longer bio of Ledi Sayadaw
- The Advantages of Realizing the Doctrine of Anattaa