Lüliang (simplified Chinese: 吕梁; traditional Chinese: 呂梁; pinyin: Lǚliáng), also spelled as Lvliang[3] or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of 21,143 square kilometres (8,163 sq mi) and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area.
Lüliang
吕梁市 Lvliang, Lyuliang | |
|---|---|
Downtown Lishi District | |
 Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi | |
  Lüliang Location of the city centre in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates (Lüliang municipal government): 37°31′08″N 111°08′40″E / 37.5190°N 111.1445°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| County-level divisions | 1 District 2 county-level cities 10 counties |
| Municipal seat | Lishi District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Lvliang Secretary | Gao Weidong (高卫东) |
| • Mayor | Ding Xuefeng (丁雪峰) |
| Area | |
| 21,143 km2 (8,163 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 952 m (3,123 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 3,398,431 | |
| • Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 456,355 |
| • Urban density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 456,355 |
| • Metro density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 153.8 billion US$ 24.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 45,256 US$ 7,241 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 033000 |
| Area code | 0358 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SX-11 |
| Licence plates | 晋J |
| Administrative division code | 141100 |
| Website | www |
History
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015) |
Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,[4] the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004.
In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.[5][6]
The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.
Administration
editLüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[7] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Lishi District | 离石区 | Líshí Qū | 320,142 | 1,323 | 242 |
| 2 | Xiaoyi City | 孝义市 | Xiàoyì Shì | 468,770 | 934 | 502 |
| 3 | Fenyang City | 汾阳市 | Fényáng Shì | 416,212 | 1,173 | 355 |
| 4 | Wenshui County | 文水县 | Wénshuǐ Xiàn | 421,199 | 1,069 | 394 |
| 5 | Zhongyang County | 中阳县 | Zhōngyáng Xiàn | 141,374 | 1,435 | 98 |
| 6 | Xing County | 兴县 | Xīng Xiàn | 279,373 | 3,164 | 88 |
| 7 | Lin County | 临县 | Lín Xiàn | 579,077 | 2,979 | 194 |
| 8 | Fangshan County | 方山县 | Fāngshān Xiàn | 143,809 | 1,433 | 100 |
| 9 | Liulin County | 柳林县 | Liǔlín Xiàn | 320,676 | 1,288 | 249 |
| 10 | Lan County | 岚县 | Lán Xiàn | 174,182 | 1,509 | 115 |
| 11 | Jiaokou County | 交口县 | Jiāokǒu Xiàn | 119,918 | 1,258 | 95 |
| 12 | Jiaocheng County | 交城县 | Jiāochéng Xiàn | 230,521 | 1,821 | 126 |
| 13 | Shilou County | 石楼县 | Shílóu Xiàn | 111,815 | 1,736 | 64 |
Climate
editLüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.
| Climate data for Lüliang (Lishi District), elevation 951 m (3,120 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
17.1 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.8 (0.11) |
6.0 (0.24) |
11.9 (0.47) |
26.4 (1.04) |
35.7 (1.41) |
52.1 (2.05) |
110.6 (4.35) |
115.1 (4.53) |
72.7 (2.86) |
36.1 (1.42) |
16.7 (0.66) |
2.8 (0.11) |
488.9 (19.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.4 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 76.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 14.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55 | 51 | 45 | 42 | 44 | 52 | 65 | 70 | 70 | 66 | 61 | 56 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 168.3 | 162.8 | 202.7 | 228.7 | 249.9 | 230.0 | 214.1 | 205.1 | 190.7 | 189.9 | 174.9 | 168.2 | 2,385.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 55 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 48 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 57 | 54 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
editReferences
edit- ^ "China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ 山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 (December 2021). 《山西统计年鉴－2021》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7824-7.
- ^ Because of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name Lvliang is often used in government websites and road signages.
- ^ Lvliang City, "Overview of Luliang" Retrieved on August 13, 2023.
- ^ Langfitt, Frank. "A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust" (Archive).National Public Radio. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.
- ^ "Death penalty for Chinese 'godfather' over US$160 million in bribes". South China Morning Post. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Lǚliáng Shì (Shānxī) (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 吕梁 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese (China)). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-12-21.