Koror[1][2] is the state comprising the main commercial centre of the Republic of Palau.[3][4] It consists of several islands, the most prominent being Koror Island (also Oreor Island). It is Palau’s most populous state.
Koror State
Oreor Oreor; Ernguul | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Koror State in Palau | |
| Coordinates: 07°20′32″N 134°28′38″E / 7.34222°N 134.47722°E | |
| Country |  Palau |
| Capital | Koror City |
| Government | |
| • Body | Koror State Legislature |
| • Governor | Eyos Rudimch (Ind.) |
| • Speaker | Alan Marbou |
| • Vice-Speaker | Ann L. Pedro |
| • Floor Leader | Jason Nolan |
| Population (2015 Census) | |
| • Total | 11,444 |
| • Density | 176/km2 (460/sq mi) |
| • Official languages | Palauan English |
| Area code | 488 |
| ISO 3166 code | PW-150 |
| Website | kororstategov |
History
editIn the oral tradition of Palau, Koror is one of the children of Milad, and thus occupies an important position in traditional belief. In addition, Koror is the home of the clan of the Ibedul, the high chief of Palau.[5]
Several traditional villages in Koror span the volcanic and rock island portions. Many of the stone platforms , odesongel, serve as clan cemeteries, and other stone features serve as shrines. The lagoon is an important resource area, and was probably intensively exploited prehistorically.[5]
The first sighting of Koror, Babeldaob, and Peleliu recorded by Westerners was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos at the end of January, 1543. They were then charted as Los Arrecifes (The Reefs in Spanish).[6] In November and December 1710 these three islands were again visited and explored by a Spanish missionary expedition commanded by Sargento Mayor Francisco Padilla on board the patache Santísima Trinidad.
Two years later they were explored in detail by the expedition of Spanish naval officer Bernardo de Egoy.[7] He was part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, dependent on the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1919 it became the capital of the South Seas Mandate. LtCol Earl Hancock Ellis, the first Director of Marine Corps Intelligence, died on Koror in May 1923. On 7 October 2006, Ngerulmud replaced Koror as Palau's capital city.
Geography
editThe state of Koror (population 11,444 as of 2015[update]) contains about 65% of the population of the country. The nation's former capital and largest town, also called Koror or Koror City, is located here. The town has a population of 11,200 and is located at 07°20′32″N 134°28′38″E / 7.34222°N 134.47722°E.[8]
Besides Koror City and the town of Meyuns, there are a total of 11 hamlets in the state of Koror:
- Dngeronger
- Idid
- Ikelau
- Iyebukel
- Medalaii
- Meketii
- Ngarkesoal
- Ngerbeched (Capital)
- Ngerchemai
- Ngerkebesang
- Ngermid
Koror State stretches across a large portion of the lagoon extending from Babeldaob Island on the north almost to Beliliou Island to the south. Though widely spread, the actual land mass of Koror is not great and consists of hundreds of islands and islets including most of the Rock Islands of Palau. Koror encompasses perhaps the most varied range of geography in Micronesia with many different kinds of physical and social settings. In the northern part of the state are three volcanic islands: Koror, Ngerekebesang, and Ngemelachel.[5]
Across Koror Island, the intensive land use in the last two centuries has radically altered the land's shape. Most vegetation has been cleared for house construction or put into gardens. Steep slopes have dense secondary growth brush. On Ngerekebesang Island, the land use has not been quite as intense and areas on the northwest coast contain stands of volcanic island forest. To the south, the Rock Islands offer a landscape that appears out of this world. The Rock Islands consist of uplifted coralline limestone reef with shear cliffs rising above a characteristic sea-level notch. Small beaches have formed in a few coves and provide access to the interiors. The ground is not covered by soil, but instead consists of dog-toothed sharp chunks of reef which have broken off of the crags and spires jutting skyward in an unpredictable maze. The islands are covered by a rock island forest and vines clinging to crevices in the limestone. In places, sinkholes contain marine lakes, and in other places the sinkholes contain wind-blown soil.[5]
Presently, most land in Koror is involved in urban development with gardens interspersed with houses and business. The Rock Islands offer valuable areas for exploiting the rich lagoon, and for the development of the tourist industry.[5]
Koror was formerly the capital of the South Seas Mandate, a League of Nations mandated territory administered by the Empire of Japan.
Demography
editIn 2015, of the 17,661 people living in Palau, 65% or 11,444 lived in Koror State. The median age was 33.5 years.[9] The official languages of the state are Palauan and English.[10]
In June 1972, the resident population was 6,032.[11]
Education
editSchools in Koror operated by the Ministry of Education include:
- Palau High School
- Koror Elementary School—it opened in 1945 after World War II. The current building opened in 1969 as Typhoon Sally destroyed the previous one.[12]
- George B. Harris Elementary School in eastern Koror—named after a member of the Land Registration Team of Palau, it was built in 1964 to relieve Koror Elementary.[13]
- Meyuns Elementary School in Meyuns—it was built circa 1969 and expanded in 1973. It was established since Typhoon Sally destroyed Koror Elementary, where Meyuns students previously attended. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands administration was previously uninterested in building a school in Melyuns.[14]
Economy
editBelau Air has its headquarters in Koror,[15] as did the short-lived Pacific Flier in 2010.[16]
Tourism
editMuch of Palau's economy comes from tourism. The Rock Islands of Palau are all located in the state. Scuba diving shops and facilities are located all over Koror. Accommodation like hotels, bars, restaurants, cafes, and resorts are all available. Dolphins Pacific, the world's largest dolphin research facility, is open for tourists who are interested in swimming and interacting with trained dolphins.[17] Most tourists to Palau stay in Koror, which is the centre for Palau's resort services and house modern conveniences. Koror has businesses that cater to speakers of many languages.[18]
By 2001, the Koror Jail, Palau's only correctional facility, has become a tourist destination thanks to inmates who create and sell elaborate wooden storyboards at a retail facility located on the jail's grounds.[19]
The jail consists of three structures, and it is surrounded by an eight-foot wire mesh fence and an eight-foot concrete wall.
Political system
editKoror has its own constitution, adopted in 1983.[20] The state government was established in 1983. The state of Koror has an elected chief executive, governor. The state also has a legislature elected every four years.[21] The state population elects one of the members of the House of Delegates of Palau.
Transport
editThe island of Koror is connected by bridges to three neighbouring islands:
- Ngerekebesang Island, the site of Palau's second-largest town, Meyuns, in the eastern part of the island, with a population of 1,200.
- Malakal Island, the site of Koror's port.
- Koror Island is also connected by the Koror–Babeldaob Bridge to the state of Airai in the island of Babeldaob, where Palau International Airport is located.
A main road extends through Koror along the central ridge, from the Koror-Babeldaob Bridge on the east to its western end in Medalaii. A network of secondary roads extends throughout the residential areas, and causeways connect Koror to Ngerekebesang and Ngemelachel Islands. Docking facilities are found on the northern coast in Meketii and on the southern coast in Medalaii. The major harbor facility for Palau is located on the east side of Ngemelachel Island. Malakal Harbor offers a sheltered, deep-water anchorage and has been in continual use since the 1840s. Most goods found in the many stores throughout Palau come through this port.[5]
Climate
editKoror features a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification. The town experiences an extraordinary amount of rainfall annually, averaging around 3,750 mm (148 in) of precipitation annually over 263.4 precipitation days. As with many areas with this climate type, temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the course of the year, averaging roughly 27 °C (81 °F). On 22 March 2018, Koror recorded a temperature of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Palau.[22]
| Climate data for Koror (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1951−present)[a] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 93 (34) |
93 (34) |
95 (35) |
94 (34) |
94 (34) |
95 (35) |
93 (34) |
94 (34) |
92 (33) |
93 (34) |
93 (34) |
94 (34) |
95 (35) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 88.3 (31.3) |
88.1 (31.2) |
88.8 (31.6) |
89.4 (31.9) |
89.2 (31.8) |
88.5 (31.4) |
87.6 (30.9) |
87.4 (30.8) |
87.8 (31.0) |
88.4 (31.3) |
89.2 (31.8) |
88.6 (31.4) |
88.4 (31.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 82.2 (27.9) |
81.9 (27.7) |
82.3 (27.9) |
83.0 (28.3) |
82.9 (28.3) |
82.3 (27.9) |
81.8 (27.7) |
81.9 (27.7) |
82.0 (27.8) |
82.6 (28.1) |
82.9 (28.3) |
82.5 (28.1) |
82.4 (28.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 76.0 (24.4) |
75.7 (24.3) |
75.9 (24.4) |
76.5 (24.7) |
76.7 (24.8) |
76.1 (24.5) |
76.0 (24.4) |
76.4 (24.7) |
76.3 (24.6) |
76.7 (24.8) |
76.5 (24.7) |
76.3 (24.6) |
76.3 (24.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 69 (21) |
71 (22) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
71 (22) |
71 (22) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
70 (21) |
71 (22) |
70 (21) |
71 (22) |
69 (21) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 11.19 (284) |
9.29 (236) |
8.06 (205) |
9.10 (231) |
12.28 (312) |
16.14 (410) |
16.53 (420) |
13.22 (336) |
13.56 (344) |
11.39 (289) |
11.16 (283) |
12.47 (317) |
144.39 (3,668) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) | 22.4 | 19.8 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 22.9 | 25.3 | 23.8 | 21.1 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 23.2 | 24.9 | 263.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.3 | 83.7 | 83.8 | 83.3 | 85.4 | 86.2 | 85.3 | 84.9 | 83.7 | 84.8 | 85.1 | 85.0 | 84.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 199.8 | 194.5 | 244.0 | 234.2 | 212.3 | 168.9 | 186.9 | 176.8 | 197.2 | 179.5 | 183.3 | 183.1 | 2,360.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 55 | 58 | 65 | 63 | 55 | 45 | 48 | 46 | 54 | 48 | 52 | 50 | 53 |
| Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[23][24][25] | |||||||||||||
Notable residents
edit- Abba Thulle
- Franco Gibbons
- John C. Gibbons
- Prince Lee Boo (1764-1784)
- Ruby Joy Gabriel, Olympic Track and Field athlete
- Yositaka Adachi
- Yutaka Gibbons
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ To access the data. Click on NOWdata, then choose "View Map" under location then choose "Show more stations", select Koror WSO and choose Daily/monthly normal and monthly summarized data for normals and extremes
References
edit- ^ The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. 2008.
- ^ Construction of the Palau Compact Road, Babeldaob Island, Republic of Palau: Environmental Impact Statement. 1997. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Department of State Publication: International organization and conference series. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1959. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ The Study for Promotion of Economic Development in the Republic of Palau: Sector report. Office of Planning and Statistics. 2000. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ a b c d e f Snyder, David.; Adams, William Hampton; Butler, Brian M. (1997). Archaeology and historic preservation in Palau. Anthropology research series / Division of Cultural Affairs, Republic of Palau 2. San Francisco: U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
- ^ Burney, James A chronological history of the discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean, London, 1813, v.I, p.233.
- ^ Coello, Francisco "Conflicto hispano-alemán" Boletín de Sociedad Geográfica de Madrid, t.XIX. 2º semestre 1885, Madrid, p.296.
- ^ "Country Files (GNS)". National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Housing and Agriculture for the Republic of Palau" (PDF). Palau Government. Office of Planning and Statistics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Leonard, Thomas M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415976640.
- ^ Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Office of United Nations Political Affairs. 1972.
- ^ "Koror Elementary School Archived 2018-08-05 at the Wayback Machine." Ministry of Education (Palau). Retrieved on February 22, 2018.
- ^ "George B. Harris Elementary School Archived 2018-08-08 at the Wayback Machine." Ministry of Education (Palau). Retrieved on February 22, 2018.
- ^ "Meyuns Elementary School Archived 2018-08-09 at the Wayback Machine." Ministry of Education (Palau). Retrieved on February 22, 2018.
- ^ "About Belau Air Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine". Belau Air. Retrieved on July 6, 2010.
- ^ "Regional Offices". Pacific Flier. Retrieved on July 6, 2010. Archived March 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Dolphins Pacific". 2008-08-22. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Palau General Information Provided by the Palau Environmental Quality Protection Board for the 21st Annual Pacific Islands Environment Conference Archived 2017-05-02 at the Wayback Machine." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved on October 7, 2010.
- ^ David Leonard and David Pickell (2001). Diving the Pacific: Volume 1: Micronesia and the Western Pacific Islands. Tuttle Publishing. p. 89. ISBN 962-593-499-5. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "Constitution of the State of Koror: April 13, 1983 (Palau [pw])". Oxford Constitutions. doi:10.1093/law:ocw/law-ocw-cd852.reggroup.1/law-ocw-cd852?rskey=oeud3a&result=14&prd=oxcon (inactive 2024-11-12).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ "State/National Election Schedule". Palau Election Commission. 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Masters, Jeff (18 April 2018). "March 2018: Earth's 5th Warmest March on Record". Wunderground. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- ^ "WMO climate normals for Koror/W Caroline Islands, PI 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
This article incorporates public domain material from Snyder, David; Adams, William Hampton; Butler, Brian M. (1997). Archaeology and historic preservation in Palau. Anthropology research series / Division of Cultural Affairs, Republic of Palau 2. San Francisco: U.S. National Park Service.
