Kirishi (Russian: Ки́риши, IPA: [ˈkʲirʲɪʂɨ]) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, 115 kilometers (71 mi) southeast of St. Petersburg. Population: 52,309 (2010 Census);[4] 55,634 (2002 Census);[8] 53,014 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
Kirishi
Кириши | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Kirishi  | |
  Kirishi Location of Kirishi  Kirishi Kirishi (Leningrad Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 59°27′N 32°01′E / 59.450°N 32.017°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Leningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Kirishsky District[1] |
| Settlement municipal formation | Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1] |
| First mentioned | 1693[2] |
| Town status since | 1965[3] |
| Elevation | 29 m (95 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 52,309 |
| • Rank | 312th in 2010 |
| • Capital of | Kirishsky District,[1] Kirishkoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1] |
| • Municipal district | Kirishsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Kirishskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Kirishsky Municipal District,[5] Kirishskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 187110–187115, 187139 |
| OKTMO ID | 41624101001 |
| Website | gorod-kirishi |
It was previously known as Soltsy (until 1931).[3]
Etymology
editThe name of the town originates from the Kirisha River (previously known as Kiresha), a tributary of the Volkhov River.
History
editIt was first mentioned in 1693.[2] Since 1727, it was a part of Novoladozhsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate, later of St. Petersburg Governorate.[2] In 1922–1923, the uyezd was renamed Volkhovsky.[10] Before 1931, Kirishi was known as Soltsy.[3]
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Andreyevsky District, with the administrative center in the selo of Andreyevo, was established.[3] The governorates were also abolished and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[3] Kirishi became a part of Andreyevsky District.[3] On September 30, 1931, the administrative center of the district was moved to Kirishi and the district was renamed Kirishsky.[3] On December 27, 1933 Kirishi was granted urban-type settlement status.[3] Kirishi was occupied for two years during World War II and completely destroyed in 1943, so that on February 19, 1944 the administrative center of the district was moved to the urban-type settlement of Budogoshch.[3]
In 1960, Kirishi was rebuilt and the Kirishi oil refinery was constructed. On February 1, 1963, the district was abolished and merged into Volkhovsky District but on January 12, 1965 it was re-established.[3] Kirishi was granted town status and made the administrative center of the district.[3] On January 26, 1967, Kirishi became a town of oblast significance.[3] In 2010, the administrative structure of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with its municipal structure,[11] and Kirishi became a town of district significance.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Kirishi serves as the administrative center of Kirishsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kirishsky District as Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Kirishsky Municipal District as Kirishskoye Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy
editIn 1974, a "BVK" (belkovo-vitaminny kontsentrat, i.e., "protein-vitamin concentrate") production facility was constructed next to the oil refinery. This was the USSR Ministry of Microbiological Industry's second plant of this kind (after the one in Kstovo, opened in 1973). It used n-paraffins (byproducts of oil refining) as feedstock for yeast, which in its turn produced single-cell protein, used as poultry and cattle feed.[12]
After a 1987 accident at the microbiological plant, local mass protests forced the Supreme Soviet to close down the facility by 1989, as well as its seven sister plants throughout the Soviet Union. The protests had been fueled by local discontent since the early 1980s with the harmful emissions of the four main factories of the town, with the BVK factory being the biggest polluter.[12] Scenes from the protests were featured in the 1989 docuseries Hello Do You Hear Us? (Soviets) by Latvian director Juris Podnieks.[13]
Industry
editThere are several oil refineries and chemical industry enterprises. The biggest of them is Kinef.[14] Kirishi Power Station, a thermal power station, is located in Kirishi as well.
Kirishi is also planned to serve as the home of Russia's first residual oil high conversion refinery, the Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery, which is scheduled to open in 2017.[15][16]
Transportation
editThe railroad connecting Sonkovo and Mga passes through Kirishi. Another railway branches off north. It connects Kirishi with Tikhvin, which lies on the line connecting St. Petersburg and Vologda via Cherepovets.
Kirishi is connected by road with Volkhov and Chudovo. There are also local roads.
The Volkhov River is navigable in Kirishi; however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
edit
The district contains seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[17] All of them commemorate the events of World War II.
Kirishi hosts the Kirishsky District Museum.[18]
Twin towns and sister cities
editKirishi is twinned with:
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Oblast Law #32-oz
- ^ a b c Историческая справка (in Russian). Киришский муниципальный район. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Андреевский район (август 1927 г. – сентябрь 1931 г.), Киришский район (сентябрь 1931 г. – февраль 1963 г., январь 1965 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d e Law #49-oz
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Новоладожский уезд (1917 г. - февраль 1923 г.), Волховский уезд (февраль 1923 г. - август 1927 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ Отчет о работе комитета по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Ленинградской области в 2010 году (in Russian). Комитет по печати и связям с общественностью Ленинградской области. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ a b KIRISHI: A GREEN SUCCESS STORY? Archived August 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (Johnson's Russia List, December 19, 2002)
- ^ Balčus, Zane Balčus (2021). "DISCUSSION: JURIS PODNIEKS AND THE CONSTELLATIONS OF TIMES". Culture Crossroads. 18: 75–88. doi:10.55877/cc.vol18.84. ISSN 2500-9974.
- ^ Экономика (in Russian). Киришский муниципальный район. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
- ^ "Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery: Russia's first residual oil high-conversion refinery". Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
- ^ "Kirishi Chosen for New Oil Refinery", St. Petersburg Times, March 26, 2014
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Киришский историко-краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Archived from the original on March 24, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Sources
edit- Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №32-оз от 15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от 8 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №49-оз от 1 сентября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Киришский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №17-оз от 6 мая 2010 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы в связи с принятием федерального закона "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с совершенствованием организации местного самоуправления"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (24 сентября 2004 г.). Опубликован: "Вестник Правительства Ленинградской области", №27, 14 сентября 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #49-oz of September 1, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Kirishsky Municipal District and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Oblast Law #17-oz of May 6, 2010 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Due to the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Due to the Improvement of the Organization of the Local Self-Government". Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication (September 24, 2004).).