The Khindif (Arabic: خندف) also known as the Banu Ilyas ibn Mudar[a] are a group of Mudarite Arab tribes that descend from the patriarch Ilyas ibn Mudar. The tribes of Banu Tamim, Banu Kinana, Banu Hudhayl and Banu Asad are amongst the various branches of the Khindif group. The Khindif are also ancestors of the Quraysh tribal confederation.
| Khindif خندف | |
|---|---|
| Adnanite Arabs | |
 Flag of the Khindif tribes | |
| Nisba | al-Khandafi (masculine) al-Khandafiyyah (feminine) |
| Location | Parts of the Arabian Peninsula, now in present-day Saudi Arabia |
| Descended from | Ilyas ibn Mudar |
| Branches | From Mudrikah ibn Ilyas:
From Tabikha ibn Ilyas: From Qam'ah ibn Ilyas:
|
| Religion | Islam (formerly South Arabian polytheism) |
Tribal lineage
editThe Khindif are named for Khindif Laila, who was the wife of Ilyas ibn Mudar.[2] Their full lineage, according to genealogists, is: Ilyas, son of Mudar, son of Nizar, son of Ma'ad, son of Adnan.[3] As evident from their lineage, they are descended from Adnan which makes them Adnanite Arabs. Adnan's descent from Ishmael confirms them as amongst the Ishmaelites, or the "Arabized Arabs" of the Hijaz region.[4][1]
Branches
editKhindif Laila gave birth to three sons, Mudrikah, Tabikha, and Qam'ah.[2][5] According to Muslim historian and genealogist Ibn Ishaq, the three sons were originally named Amir, 'Amr and Umayr respectively but their names were changed later on.[3]
- Mudrikah was the ancestor of the Banu Hudhayl tribe as well as the Banu Kinana and the Banu Asad.[6]
- Tabikha was the ancestor of the Banu Tamim tribe and its divisions, including the Banu Dabbah tribe.[7]
- Qum'ah is said to have been the ancestor of the Banu Khuza'ah; but there is dispute to whether the Khuza'ah were even of Adnanite or Qahtanite descent. A group of genealogists and scholars believe the Banu Khuza'ah were descended from Qahtan.[5][8][9] However, others believe that they were descended from Adnan through 'Amr ibn Luhayy who is from the descendants of Qam'ah.[10] Badr al-Din al-Ayni resolves the dispute by attributing 'Amr as an adoptive grandson of Haritha al-Azdi; hence making 'Amr ibn Luhayy a Qahtanite by adoption and Adnanite by birth (so the descent from Qam'ah is still acknowledged).[11]
History
editIn ancient times, the Khindif resided in the Arabian Peninsula in the region of the Tihamah.[12] However, the tribes descended of Mudrikah managed to expel the tribes that were descended of Tabikha from the Tihamah. The Tabikhites resided in the region of Al-Yamama afterwards.[12] The Quraysh, descendants of Mudrikah, held prominence in Mecca from the late 6th century until the rise of Islam; which was led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, himself from the descendants of Mudrikah (hence making him among the Khindifites as well).[3][1]
Religion
editCurrently, the Khindif are a mainly Muslim tribe.
In the pre-Islamic times, the ancestor of the Khindif tribes, Ilyas, was a monotheist who abhorred the worship of idols.[13] But many years after his death, his descendants would be the first amongst the Arabs to worship the statues of Suwa' and Hubal.[14] Minority converted to Christianity, for example Waraqah ibn Nawfal from the Quraysh tribe.[15] Members of the Khindif would later convert to Islam starting from the 7th century CE.[16]
Dynasties
editFrom Mudrikah
edit- Umayyads - ruling dynasty of the Umayyad Caliphate from the Quraysh which formerly ruled Arabia and Syria
- Hashemites – current ruling dynasty of Jordan since 1921
- Sultans of Brunei – starting from 1425, the Sultans ruling Brunei were a dynasty descended from Muhammad
From Tabikha
edit- Al Thani – the current ruling dynasty of Qatar since 1847
- Aghlabids – ruling dynasty of Ifriqiya (800–909)
- Al Mu'ammar – ruling dynasty of Najd (1818–1820)
- Al ash-Sheikh – dynasty of clerics and scholars descended from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who is from the Banu Tamim
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 978-9960899558.
- ^ a b Ibn Abd Rabbih (1937). Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-Farīd [The Unique Necklace]. Morocco: Maktaba At-Ta'lif At-Taryama Wa'l Nasar.
- ^ a b c Ibn Ishaq; Guillaume (1955). The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat. London. ISBN 0195778286
- ^ Mahran, Muhammad B. Kitāb Dirāsāt fī tārīkh al-‘Arabīyah al-qadīm (2nd ed.). Dar Al Ma'rifah Al Jami'iyah.
- ^ a b Yāqūt bin ‘Abdullāh al-Hamawī: Al-Muqtaḑab min Kitāb Jamharat al-Nasab. 1st ed. Pg. 230. Ed. Nājī Ḥasan, Iraq 1987.
- ^ al-Azraqi, Kitāb Akhbār Makkah. Saudi Arabia: Asadi Library.
- ^ al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya (1936–1971). Schloessinger, Max (ed.). The Ansab al-Ashraf of al-Baladhuri. Jerusalem: Hebrew University Press.
- ^ Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad al-Qalqashandī: Nihāyat al-Adab fī Ma’rifat Ansāb al-‘Arab. Vol 2. Pg. 244. Ed. Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī. Beirut 1980
- ^ Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Fa’sī: Al-'Iqd al-Thamīn fi Tārikh al-Balad al-Amīn. Vol.1, pg. 142. Ed. By Muḥammad Ḥāmid al-Faqī. Beirut, 2nd ed. 1986.
- ^ Al-Muṣ’ab bin ‘Abdullāh al- Zubayrī: Nasab Quraysh, pg. 7. Ed. E. Levi-Provençal. 3rd ed. Dār al-Ma’ārif, Cairo, Egypt.
- ^ al-Ayni, Badr al-Din (2009). Umdat al-Qari: Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al Kutub Al Ilmiyah. ISBN 9782745122698.
- ^ a b al-Bakri, Abdullah ibn Abdulaziz (2019). Kitāb al-Mu‘jam mā ista‘jam min asmā’ al-bilād wa-al-mawāḍi‘. Saudi Arabia: Jāmi‘at al-Malik Sa‘ūd. ISBN 9786039110019.
- ^ al-Askari, Abu Hilal (1987). al-Awāʿil (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Tanta, Egypt: Dar Al Bashir. p. 55.
- ^ N.A. Faris (1952). "The Book Of Idols: Being A Translation From The Arabic Of The Kitāb al-Asnām By Hishām Ibn Al-Kalbi". Princeton Oriental Studies. 14. New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 23.
- ^ "Waraqa bin Nawfal". www.answering-islam.org. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
- ^ Shoufani, Elias (1973). Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia. Heritage. University of Toronto Press.