The Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia, KORPRI), also known as the Indonesian Civil Servants Corps, is a state-regulated organisation of civil service employees.
Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia | |
Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia | |
 | |
| Founded | 29 November 1971 |
|---|---|
Key people | President of Indonesia (highest authority since the 1980s) |
| Affiliations | Golkar (1971–1998) |
| Website | korpri |
Created during the New Order as a means to ensure political control of Indonesia's bureaucracy, with all public sector workers obliged to join, KORPRI also functioned as a support mechanism to Golkar, the ruling party of the period. With the emergence of political pluralism in the reformasi period of the late 1990s, KORPRI lost its status as sole organisation within the public sector with the formation of independent trade unions. However, workers classified as civil servants are still required to be members of KORPRI.
Origins
editWith the consolidation of the New Order dictatorship by the late 1960s, KORPRI was established by Presidential decree in November 1971, bringing all civil servants into an "organizational framework...totally controlled" by the Minister of Home Affairs, General Amirmachmud.[1] Civil servants were required to cease membership in independent trade unions, which were dissolved, and compelled to be members of KORPRI.[2][3] Workers who refused the order were fired.[4]
Role during the New Order
editKORPRI was integrated into Golkar, the organization founded by the military in 1964,[5] and developed as an important force in ensuring that political parties unaligned to the government had no influence at village and sub–district levels.[6] Throughout the New Order period, through government decree, the scope of KORPRI's membership was widened from all civil servants, to include workers in state enterprises, state workers at regional levels and workers in private enterprises where the government held an interest.[7] During the elections of the New Order period, KORPRI's two million members were obliged to campaign on behalf of Golkar.[8] Failure to do so was considered disloyal and as the organisation's chair stated in 1993, "KORPRI will not tolerate any of its members voting for parties other than Golkar."[9][10]
Post-1998
editFollowing the downfall of military rule in Indonesia in 1997-98 and the emergence of the reformasi period, trade union pluralism and autonomy became possible. Independent unions emerged in sectors previously covered by KORPRI, including electricity, postal services, telecommunications and teaching.[11] However, trade union law in Indonesia remains contradictory concerning KORPRI's status. Technically, all workers still classified as civil servants remain compelled to be members and pay dues to KORPRI.[11] Furthermore, despite the Indonesian constitution providing universal rights, current labour law does not grant civil servants rights to freedom of association or collective bargaining, which in practice means civil servants cannot form trade unions.[7]
References
edit- ^ Mody, Nawaz B. (1987). Indonesia under Suharto. Apt Books. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-86590-792-8.
- ^ Samson, Allan A. (1973). "Indonesia 1972: The Solidification of Military Control". Asian Survey. 13 (2): 134. doi:10.2307/2642730. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2642730.
- ^ "Dissolution of Political Civil Service Unions (24 February 1972)". Translations on South and East Asia. Vol. 354. Joint Publications Research Service. 1972. p. 16.
- ^ Emmerson, Donald K. (1980). "The Bureaucracy in Political Context: Weakness in Strength". In Jackson, Karl D.; Pye, Lucian W. (eds.). Political Power and Communications in Indonesia. University of California Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-520-04205-6.
- ^ Warwick, Donald P. (1987). "The Effectiveness of the Indonesian Civil Service". Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science. 15 (2): 41. doi:10.1163/080382487X00145. ISSN 0303-8246. JSTOR 24491121.
- ^ Budiardjo, Carmel (1986). "Militarism and Repression in Indonesia". Third World Quarterly. 8 (4): 1223. doi:10.1080/01436598608419947. ISSN 0143-6597. JSTOR 3991712.
- ^ a b Tjandra, Surya (4 February 2016). "Labour law and development in Indonesia" (PDF). Leiden University. pp. 104–106. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ^ Cribb, Robert (June 1984). "Elections in Jakarta". Asian Survey. 24 (6): 660. doi:10.2307/2644397. JSTOR 2644397.
- ^ Suryadinata, Leo (1989). Military Ascendancy and Political Culture: A Study of Indonesia's Golkar. Ohio University, Center for International Studies. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-89680-154-7.
- ^ McLeod, Ross H. (1994). Indonesia Assessment 1994: Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia's Development. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 57. ISBN 978-981-3016-98-9.
- ^ a b Quinn, Patrick (2003). Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining: A study of Indonesian experience 1998-2003 (PDF). Geneva: International Labour Organization. pp. 32–33.
