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Ivor Novello

Ivor Novello (born David Ivor Davies; 15 January 1893 – 6 March 1951) was a Welsh actor, dramatist, singer and composer who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the first half of the 20th century.

Ivor Novello
Born
David Ivor Davies

(1893-01-15)15 January 1893
Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales
Died6 March 1951(1951-03-06) (aged 58)
London, England
Occupations
  • Actor
  • dramatist
  • singer
  • composer
Years active1914–1951
PartnerBobbie Andrews (c. 1917–1951, until Novello's death)

He was born into a musical family, and his first successes were as a songwriter. His first big hit was "Keep the Home Fires Burning" (1914), which was enormously popular during the First World War. His 1917 show, Theodore & Co, was a wartime hit. After the war, Novello contributed numbers to several successful musical comedies and was eventually commissioned to write the scores of complete shows. He wrote his musicals in the style of operetta and often composed his music to the libretti of Christopher Hassall.

In the 1920s he turned to acting, first in British films and then on stage, with considerable success in both. He starred in two silent films directed by Alfred Hitchcock, The Lodger and Downhill (both 1927). On stage, he played the title character in the first London production of Liliom (1926). Novello briefly went to Hollywood but soon returned to Britain, where he had more successes, especially on stage, appearing in his own lavish West End productions of musicals. The best-known of these were Glamorous Night (1935) and The Dancing Years (1939).

From the 1930s he often performed with Zena Dare, writing parts for her in his works. He continued to write for film, but in his later career his biggest successes were with stage musicals: Perchance to Dream (1945), King's Rhapsody (1949) and Gay's the Word (1951).

The Ivor Novello Awards were named after him in 1955.

Early years

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Novello's birthplace, in Cowbridge Road East, Cardiff[1]

Novello was born David Ivor Davies in Cardiff, Wales, to David Davies (c. 1852–1931), a rent collector for the city council,[2] and his wife, Clara Novello Davies, an internationally known singing teacher and choral conductor.[3] As a boy, Novello was a successful singer in the Welsh Eisteddfod.[4] His mother set up as a voice teacher in London, where he met leading performers, including members of George Edwardes's Gaiety Theatre company, classical musicians such as Landon Ronald, and singers such as Adelina Patti.[2] Another of his mother's associates was Clara Butt, who taught him to sing "Abide with Me" when he was a boy of six.[5]

Novello was educated privately in Cardiff and then in Gloucester, where he studied harmony and counterpoint with Herbert Brewer, the cathedral organist.[6] From there he won a scholarship to Magdalen College School in Oxford, where he was a solo treble in the college choir. He later said that this prolonged youthful exposure to early sacred choral music had turned his tastes, in reaction, to lush romantic music.[2] Although Brewer had told him he would not have a career in music,[3] Novello from his early youth showed a facility for writing songs, and when he was only 15, one of his songs was published.[7] After leaving school, he gave piano lessons in Cardiff, and then moved to London in 1913 with his mother. They took a flat above the Strand Theatre, which became his London home for the rest of his life.[2][8]

In London he found a mentor in Sir Edward Marsh, a well-known patron of the arts and Winston Churchill's secretary. Marsh encouraged him to compose and introduced him to people who could help his career.[2] He adopted his mother's middle name, "Novello", as his professional surname, although he did not change it legally until 1927.[9]

 
"Keep the Home Fires Burning"
Performed by Frederick Wheeler for Edison Records in late 1915
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In 1914, at the start of the First World War, Novello wrote "Keep the Home Fires Burning", a song that expressed the feelings of innumerable families sundered by the war. Novello composed the music for the song to a lyric by the American Lena Guilbert Ford, and it became a huge popular success, bringing Novello money and fame at the age of 21.[6][10] In other respects, the war had less impact on Novello than on many young men of his age. He avoided enlistment until June 1916, when he reported to a Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) training depot as a probationary flight sub-lieutenant. After Novello twice crashed aeroplanes, Marsh arranged his move to the Admiralty office in central London for the rest of the war.[11]

Composer and actor

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Bobbie Andrews in 1921

Novello continued to write songs while serving in the RNAS. He had his first stage success with Theodore & Co in 1916, a production by George Grossmith Jr. and Edward Laurillard with a score composed by Novello and the young Jerome Kern.[12] In the same year, Novello contributed to André Charlot's revue See-Saw.[2] In 1917 he wrote for another Grossmith and Laurillard production, the operetta Arlette, for which he contributed additional numbers to an existing French score by Jane Vieu and Guy le Feuvre.[13] In the same year, Marsh introduced him to the actor Bobbie Andrews, who became Novello's life partner.[2] Andrews introduced Novello to the young Noël Coward. Coward, six years Novello's junior, was deeply envious of Novello's effortless glamour.[6] He wrote, "I just felt suddenly conscious of the long way I had to go before I could break into the magic atmosphere in which he moved and breathed with such nonchalance".[14]

In 1918 and after the war, Novello continued to write successfully for musical comedy and revue. The former included Who's Hooper? (1919), an adaptation of a Pinero play, with a book by Fred Thompson, lyrics by Clifford Grey, and music by Howard Talbot and Novello,[15] and The Golden Moth by Thompson and P. G. Wodehouse (1921), for which Novello provided the entire score.[16] For Charlot, he contributed numbers to the revues Tabs (1918), A to Z (1921) and Puppets (1924). For the second of these, his songs included one of his few well-known comedy numbers, "And Her Mother Came Too", with lyrics by Dion Titheradge, written for Jack Buchanan.[2]

At the same time as his successes as a composer, Novello was making a career as an actor. With "a classic profile that gained him matinee idol status amongst the film-going public",[17] he was sought out, on the strength of a publicity photograph, by the Swiss film director Louis Mercanton. Mercanton offered him a silent-film role as the romantic lead in The Call of the Blood (1920).[6] In the same year, he made another film for Mercanton, Miarka.[2] Novello made his first British film, Carnival, the following year.[2]

 
Nina Vanna and Novello in The Man Without Desire (1923)

Novello made his stage debut in 1921 in Deburau by Sacha Guitry,[18] and, among other stage engagements in the next years, he played Bingley in a charity adaptation of Pride and Prejudice.[19][20] At about this time, Novello had an affair with the writer Siegfried Sassoon; it was short-lived, but in the words of Sassoon's biographer John Stuart Roberts, Novello "was a consummate flirt who collected lovers as he gathered lilacs".[21]

In 1923, Novello made his American movie debut in D. W. Griffith's The White Rose, and the same year he starred in The Man Without Desire, among other British films.[22] He next co-wrote, produced and starred in the successful 1924 play The Rat.[23] The play was made into a film in 1925, which was so successful that two sequels followed in 1926 and 1928.[2] His dramatic roles in the West End included the title character in the first London production of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom (1926).[24]

Other films in which Novello starred included Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger, where he played the title character, and Downhill (both in 1927). The British film company Gainsborough Pictures offered Novello a lucrative contract, which enabled him to buy a country house in Littlewick Green, near Maidenhead.[2] He renamed the property 'Redroofs', and he entertained there famously and with little regard for convention. Cecil Beaton, noting the frequent homosexual excesses, coined the phrase, "the Ivor – Noel naughty set".[25] Coward had by now caught up to Novello professionally, despite a joint disaster when Novello starred in Coward's play Sirocco in 1927, which was a débâcle, and closed within a month of opening.[26][27] In 1928 Novello starred in the silent adaptation of Coward's much more successful The Vortex, and made his last silent film, A South Sea Bubble.[2] During the late 1920s Novello was the most popular male British film star, and was often dubbed Britain's "handsomest screen actor".[28][29]

Novello returned to composing for the lyric stage in 1929, writing eight numbers for the revue The House that Jack Built. In the same year, he presented his own play Symphony in Two Flats, which he took to New York the following year. It was followed by a successful Broadway production of his The Truth Game, which brought him to the attention of Hollywood studios. He accepted a contract to write for and appear in MGM films. He found little to do in Hollywood, however, beyond writing the dialogue for Tarzan the Ape Man.[30] Returning to London, he starred in the sound remake of The Lodger (1932).[2]

1930s musicals

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Portrait of Novello by Emil Veresmith (oil on canvas, 1924; National Library of Wales)

After beginning the 1930s with a series of non-musical plays – I Lived with You (1932), Fresh Fields, Proscenium, Sunshine Sisters, Flies in the Sun (all 1933) and Murder in Mayfair (1934) – Novello returned to composition in 1935 with Glamorous Night, which was the first of a series of enormously popular musicals.[6] The Times considered that it was for these that Novello would be popularly remembered.[7] Paul Webb, in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, writes that Novello's show saved the fortunes of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane:

Dominating the British musical theatre from the mid-1930s to the early 1950s, his shows were heavily influenced by the operettas that he had grown up with (he saw Die lustige Witwe 27 times), but had a highly individual style of their own. Blending musicals with opera, operetta and both modern and classical dance, these shows were considered something of an anachronism in their own time, but that was part of their appeal.[3]

Another model was Coward's 1929 musical Bitter Sweet, which Novello called "a lovely, lovely thing ... sheer joy from beginning to end". That, too, was an old-fashioned musical, "so full of regret ... for a vanished kindly silly darling age".[31]

For all his four 1930s musicals, Novello wrote the book and music, Christopher Hassall wrote the lyrics, and the orchestrations were by Charles Prentice. Glamorous Night starred Novello and Mary Ellis, with a cast including Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Elizabeth Welch, and ran from 2 May 1935 to 18 July 1936, at Drury Lane and then the London Coliseum.[32] Careless Rapture ran from 11 September 1936 for 296 performances, with Novello, Dorothy Dickson and Zena Dare in the leading roles.[33] Crest of the Wave starred Novello, Dickson and Gilbert, and ran from 1 September 1937 for 203 performances.[3] The last of Novello's prewar musicals was The Dancing Years, which starred Novello, Ellis and Gilbert, opened at Drury Lane, closed on the outbreak of the Second World War, toured and then reopened at the Adelphi Theatre, running in the West End for a combined total of 696 performances and closing on 8 July 1944.[34] This show was the closest Novello came to fulfilling his mother's early ambitions for him to write operas; he played an Austrian composer-conductor at the Wiener Hofoper.[3]

Second World War and last years

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Novello presented only two new shows during the Second World War. Arc de Triomphe (1943), a musical vehicle for Mary Ellis, was only a modest success, but Perchance to Dream (1945) was immensely successful, running for 1,022 performances. In between the two shows, Novello had been in serious legal trouble and served four weeks in prison for misuse of petrol coupons, a serious offence under rationing laws in wartime Britain. An admiring fan had stolen the coupons from her employer, but the court found that Novello was also culpable.[35] The prison term, though short, came as a severe shock to Novello, both mentally and physically, and had serious lasting effects.[2] Not everybody was supportive; Coward's sympathy was limited: "He's been fighting like a steer to keep going as before the war and hasn't done a thing for the general effort",[36] but when Novello returned to The Dancing Years after his release, he received "a rapturous ovation" on his first entrance.[2]

Novello's last full-scale production in this style, King's Rhapsody (1949), was, in Webb's words, "a self-consciously romantic counter-blast to the modern musical: crown princes, ballrooms, royal yachts, beautiful princesses and a full-scale coronation".[3] After the rigours of war, this escapist entertainment had strong box-office appeal and ran for 841 performances.[37] The show starred Novello and the cast included Phyllis Dare, Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Bobbie Andrews. It was still running, at the Palace Theatre, when Novello's last show opened. This was Gay's the Word (1951). Novello had written no role for himself; the show starred the comedy actress Cicely Courtneidge and was a departure from his established pattern, balancing the contrasting styles of European operetta and post-war American musicals.[2] The Times commented that the show "cheerfully parodied the very Ruritanian romances to which he owed his most triumphant successes".[7]

Death and legacy

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Lilac bushes dedicated to Novello at Golders Green Crematorium
 
Plaque at Novello's birthplace in Cardiff
 
Sculpture of Novello at Cardiff Bay
 
Plaque to Novello at Redroofs

Novello died suddenly from a coronary thrombosis at the age of 58, a few hours after completing a performance of King's Rhapsody.[7] He was cremated at the Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes are buried beneath a lilac bush and marked with a plaque that reads "Ivor Novello 6th March 1951 'Till you are home once more'."[38] He left an estate worth £160,000[39] (£6 million in 2023).

Only a few weeks before Novello's death, Coward had written of him: "Theatre – good, bad and indifferent – is the love of his life. For him, other human endeavours are mere shadows. ... The reward of his work lies in the indisputable fact that whenever and wherever he appears the vast majority of the British public flock to see him."[5] The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians writes of Novello that he was "until the advent of Andrew Lloyd Webber, the 20th century's most consistently successful composer of British musicals".[3]

The Ivor Novello Awards for songwriting, established in 1955 in Novello's memory, are awarded each year by The Ivors Academy (formerly the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA)) to British songwriters and composers as well as to an outstanding international music writer.[40] A scholarship in memory of Novello was established at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and in 1952 a bronze bust of him by Clemence Dane was unveiled at Drury Lane. In St. Paul's, Covent Garden, known as the actors' church, a panel was installed to commemorate Novello, and in 1972, to mark the 21st anniversary of his death, a memorial stone was unveiled in St. Paul's Cathedral.[2]

In 1993, the centenary of Novello's birth was marked by several celebratory shows around the UK, including one at the Players Theatre in London.[17] In 2005, the Strand Theatre, above which Novello lived for many years, was renamed the Novello Theatre, with a plaque in his honour set at the entrance.[41] On 27 June 2009, a statue of Novello was unveiled outside the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay. Plaques detailing some of his best-known songs are fitted to the pedestal, along with a dedication to Novello.[42] Novello's memory is promoted by The Ivor Novello Appreciation Bureau, which holds annual events around Britain, including an annual pilgrimage to Redroofs each June. Redroofs was sold after Novello's death, and is now a theatre training school.[43]

Novello was portrayed in Robert Altman's 2001 film Gosford Park by Jeremy Northam, and several of his songs were used for the film's soundtrack, including "Waltz of My Heart", "And Her Mother Came Too", "I Can Give You the Starlight", "What a Duke Should Be", "Why Isn't It You?" and "The Land of Might-Have-Been".[citation needed] Jeremy Irvine played Novello in the 2021 Terence Davies film Benediction, about the life of his one-time lover, the war poet Siegfried Sassoon.[44]

Songs

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Silken handkerchief with manuscript for "Keep The Home Fires Burning"

Among Novello's well-known songs are "Keep the Home Fires Burning",[45] "Fold Your Wings", "Shine Through My Dreams", "Rose of England", "I Can Give You the Starlight", "And Her Mother Came Too", "My Dearest Dear", "The Land of Might-Have-Been", "When I Curtsied to the King", "We'll Gather Lilacs",[6] "Someday My Heart Will Awake", "Yesterday", "Waltz of My Heart", "Why Isn't It You", "My Life Belongs to You", "Fly Home Little Heart", "Take Your Girl" and "Primrose".

In Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Webb writes that although Novello's oeuvre is generally thought of as "romantic" and "Ruritanian", his music "was far more varied than his current reputation suggests". Webb contends that such romantic hits as "Someday My Heart Will Awake" were balanced by "rousing operetta choruses ... and jazz age numbers" while "'Rose of England' is a stately patriotic piece that stands comparison with Elgar or Walton".[3]

Filmography

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Actor

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Year Title Role Country
1920 Miarka: The Daughter of the Bear Ivor France
1921 The Call of the Blood Maurice Delarey
Carnival Count Andrea Scipione United Kingdom
1922 The Bohemian Girl Thaddeus
1923 The White Rose Joseph Beaugarde United States
Bonnie Prince Charlie Prince Charles Stuart United Kingdom
The Man Without Desire Count Vittorio Dandolo Germany / United Kingdom
1925 The Rat Pierre Boucheron, 'the Rat' United Kingdom
1926 The Triumph of the Rat
1927 The Lodger The Lodger
Downhill Roddy Berwick
1928 The Constant Nymph Lewis Dodd
The Vortex Nicky Lancaster
A South Sea Bubble Vernon Winslow
The Gallant Hussar Lieutenant Stephen Alrik Germany / United Kingdom
1929 The Return of the Rat Pierre Boucheron, 'the Rat' United Kingdom
1930 Symphony in Two Flats David Kennard
1931 Once a Lady Bennett Cloud United States
1932 The Lodger Michel Angeloff/"The Bosnian Murderer" United Kingdom
1933 I Lived with You Prince Felix Lenieff
Sleeping Car Gaston
1934 Autumn Crocus Andreas Steiner

Writer

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Year Title Country
1925 The Rat United Kingdom
1926 The Triumph of the Rat
1927 Downhill
1929 The Return of the Rat
1930 Symphony in Two Flats
1932 Tarzan the Ape Man United States
But the Flesh Is Weak
The Lodger United Kingdom
1933 I Lived with You
1937 Glamorous Night
The Rat
1941 Free and Easy United States
1950 The Dancing Years United Kingdom
1955 King's Rhapsody

Notes

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  1. ^ "Statue honours composer Novello", BBC News, 27 June 2009, accessed 26 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Snelson, John. "Novello, Ivor (1893–1951)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, January 2011, accessed 17 March 2011 (subscription required)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Webb, Paul. "Novello, Ivor", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 17 March 2011 (subscription required)
  4. ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 29
  5. ^ a b Trewin, J. C. "Popular Idol", The Times Literary Supplement, 18 May 1951, p. 304
  6. ^ a b c d e f Callow, Simon. "Ivor Novello, master of the musical", The Guardian, 3 August 2012
  7. ^ a b c d Obituary, The Times, 7 March 1951, p. 6
  8. ^ Ibell, P. (2010) Theatreland: A Journey Through the Heart of London's Theatre, p. 89, London: Bloomsbury Continuum, ISBN 978-1847250032
  9. ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 120
  10. ^ Grove Music Online states that the song dates from 1915, but the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography gives the date as 1914, a fact confirmed by the British Library catalogue
  11. ^ MacQueen-Pope, pp. 57–62
  12. ^ "Theodore & Co", The Play Pictorial, September 1916, p. 50
  13. ^ Findon, B.W. "'Arlette' – An Operette in Three Acts", The Play Pictorial, November 1917, p. 82
  14. ^ Hoare (1995), p.55
  15. ^ Findon, B. W. "Who's Hooper?", The Play Pictorial, July 1919, p. 35
  16. ^ "The Golden Moth", The Times, 6 October 1921, p. 8
  17. ^ a b "Ivor Novello", Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Oxford Music Online, accessed 16 March 2011 (subscription required)
  18. ^ "The Theatres", The Times, 20 October 1921, p. 8
  19. ^ "Plays of the Year", The Play Pictorial, October 1922, p. 111
  20. ^ Looser, Devoney (2017). The Making of Jane Austen. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-1421422824.
  21. ^ Roberts, p. 195
  22. ^ Duguid, Mark. "The Man Without Desire (1923)", BFI Screen Online, accessed 14 June 2017.
  23. ^ It was credited to the pseudonymous David L'Estrange, but was the work of Novello and his friend, the actress Constance Collier: see ODNB
  24. ^ "Duke of York's Theatre", The Times, 24 December 1926, p. 8
  25. ^ Hoare (1995), p.123
  26. ^ Hoare (1995), pp.187–88
  27. ^ "The Theatres. Sirocco to be Withdrawn", The Times, 12 December 1927, p. 12
  28. ^ Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Menna, Baines; et al., eds. (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
  29. ^ Macnab, Geoffrey. "The rise and fall of Ivor Novello", The Guardian, 10 January 2004, accessed 4 June 2020.
  30. ^ According to the ODNB, "he reputedly originated the line that gave rise to the now mythical if inaccurate 'Me Tarzan. You Jane' (originally – with appropriate pointing – 'Tarzan. Jane.')"
  31. ^ Letter from Novello to Coward, undated, in Day, p. 156
  32. ^ "Theatres", The Times, 2 May 1935, p. 12; and 18 July 1936, p. 12
  33. ^ "Drury Lane", The Times, 12 September 1936, p. 10; and Gaye, p. 1529
  34. ^ Gaye, p. 1530
  35. ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 234. The offending fan, Dora Grace Constable, escaped with a £50 fine: see ODNB
  36. ^ Hoare (1995), p.349; Coward's modified sympathy was later echoed in Ewan MacColl's song "Ivor": see MacColl, Ewan. Bad Lads and Hard Cases, Riverside LP 1957
  37. ^ Gaye, p. 1533
  38. ^ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2. McFarland & Company (2016) ISBN 0786479922
  39. ^ "Composer Left £160,000 Estate". The Mercury. Hobart, Tas. 9 June 1951. p. 8. Retrieved 10 July 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  40. ^ Pegler, Martin. Soldiers' Songs and Slang of the Great War, Osprey Publishing, 2014, p. 248 ISBN 9781427804150
  41. ^ "Ivor Novello plaque, Aldwych", Geograph.org, accessed 26 September 2014.
  42. ^ "Statue honours composer Novello", BBC News, 27 June 2009
  43. ^ "About us" Archived 10 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Redroofs Associates, accessed 16 March 2011.
  44. ^ Chandry, Roshan (23 February 2021). "Tom Blyth on His Journey from the TV Workshop to HBO's The Gilded Age". Left Lion.
  45. ^ 1917 mp3 recording of "Keep the home fires burning" sung by John McCormack, firstworldwar.com, accessed 20 November 2009.

References

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Further reading

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