Abu al Barakat Sayyid Imam Ali Shah (1798-1865) was a senior Indian Sufi Saint. He was of the Qadiri Naqshbandi Sufi Order. He is from Rattar Chhattar a village in Punjab that is called "the noble sanctuary" (Makan Sharif) in his honor. In the Qadiri Naqshbandi Sufi Order he is venerated as the "Crown of the scholars"(Taj ul Arifeen) and "For whom Allah sustains the world" (Qayyum ul Alam).
Sayyid Imam Ali Shah | |
|---|---|
 The mausoleum of Ali Shah in Punjab, now present-day India | |
| Qayyum ul Alam | |
| Born | 1798 Rattar Chhattar |
| Died | 1865 Rattar Chhattar |
| Major shrine | Makan Sharif, Rattar Chattar |
| Feast | Urs commemoration, 12th Shawwal |
| Influences | Abdul Qadir Gilani, Bahauddin Naqshband, Hazrat Ishaan, Imam Rabbani |
| Influenced | Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha and his descendants |
Early life
editAli Shah was born in Rattan Chattar to the Sufi Saint Sayyid Hussain Shah as member of a Naqvi Sayyid family whose genealogy traces back to Muhammad in the 35th generation through Ali al-Hadi's son Sayyid Jafar al Zaki. Sayyid Hussain Shah was known as a revered ascetic and died when Ali Shah was young. He then lived with his maternal grandparents together with his mother and brother. Ali Shah was educated in Islamic Law (Fiqh) and Medicine and attended lectures in philosophy (Kalam) and Metaphysics (Sufism) at the Shrine of Fariduddin Ganjshakar together with his teacher Mawlana Jan Muhammad Chishti and his uncle. After graduating as a certified scholar, Ali Shah served as his uncle's representative.[1][2]
Career
editWhen his uncle passed away two years after his graduation, Ali Shah participated in missionary activities. He founded a center called "mansion of holiness" (Dar ul Aqdas) where he centered his missionary activities. He was known for integrating philanthropic solutions like nutrition supply as well as establishing a center of Naqshbandi education in which 300 disciples could be instructed. Sources say that 300 goats had to be slaughtered in order to meet the daily demands of visitors and disciples, which reached one hundred thousand followers. His followers were mostly from South and Central Asia.[3][4]
British Indian investigators mention Ali Shah's popularity and that disciples were "flocking in bands" in order to pay tribute to him. He was described in their reports as a welcoming personality.[5]
Teachings
editAli Shah is considered an inheritor of Muhammad and is said to emphasize the central importance of noble behavior (Adab) in Sufism.[6]
Legacy
editImam Ali Shah is venerated by the people of Rattan Chattar as their village's patron saint. Village inhabitants refer to Imam Ali Shah's blessings on the occasion of the lack of casualties during the Indo-Pakistani border skirmirshes in the 70s.[7] He is considered by his followers to be the Mujaddid of the 13th lunar century alongside Imam Ali Shah's companion Sayyid Mir Jan, who acted as contemporary Imam of the Naqshbandiyya.[8][9]
His descendants include Mir Mazhar ul Qayyum Shah as well as Sayyid Mahfooz Hussein Shah. They furthered Imam Ali Shah's legacy.[10]
His tomb is situated near the Ravi river in the Batala and is considered by Gazetters as an "eye-filling" cultural heritage sight.[11]
References
edit- ^ Daira Muhammad Abad in Hazrat Sayyid Imam Ali Shah, Naqshbandi Makan Sharifi Institute, Rattan Chattar
- ^ Prof. Munawar Hussein in "Imam Ali Shah", Al-Mazhar Institute
- ^ Daira Muhammad Abad in Hazrat Sayyid Imam Ali Shah, Naqshbandi Makan Sharifi Institute, Rattan Chattar
- ^ Prof. Munawar Hussein in "Imam Ali Shah", Al-Mazhar Institute
- ^ Church missionary intelligencer 1850-1864, Oxford university, p. 172
- ^ Buehler, p. 148
- ^ Singh in Indian Tribune
- ^ Daira Muhammad Abad in Hazrat Sayyid Imam Ali Shah, Naqshbandi Makan Sharifi Institute, Rattan Chattar
- ^ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore) p.432 ff.
- ^ Sadaat Hussein Naqvi in Makansharif post
- ^ Gurdaspur Gazette, p.63, published by the Sang-e-Meel publication agency in 1892 and archieved in the University of Chicago