Hiraab

Hiraab
هراب
Hiraab; هراب
Hawiye Somali clan
	Flag of the Hiraab Imamate
Ethnicity	Somali
Location	Somalia; Yemen; Kenya; Ethiopia
Descended from	Sheikh Ahmed Bin Abdulrahman Bin Uthman
Parent tribe	Hawiye
Branches	Mudulood Abgaal; Wa'daan; ; Habar Gidir Sa'ad Madarkicis; Mohammed (Ayr) Madarkicis; Ibrahim (Saruur) Madarkicis; Sulaiman (Saleebaan) Madarkicis; ; Duduble; Sheikhaal;
Language	Somali; Arabic
Religion	Sunni Islam

The Hiraab clan (Somali: Hiraab, Arabic: هراب), is a prominent Somali clan belonging to the larger Hawiye clan. Renowned for its influential role, the Hiraab clan has produced numerous significant leaders within Somalia, including six presidents, the first president and prime minister of Somalia, and various other prominent figures. The clan's historical contributions include pioneering military leadership roles, and establishing a foundational influence in Somalia.

Mainly residing in central and southern Somalia, stretching from Galkayo to Kismaayo, the Hiraab clan also has a presence in Ethiopia and Kenya. Among their notable historical milestones, the Hiraab clan are the predominant inhabitants of Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. They have exerted substantial influence over the city, making substantial contributions across the city's diverse sectors.

Aden Abdulle Osman, the first President of Somalia

Abdullahi Issa Mohamud, the first PM of Somalia

History

Hiraab Imamate map in 1700

The first clan to ever challenge the Ajuuraan rulers was the Darandoolle clan a section of Hiraab.

The Ajuuraan had decreed: “At the wells in our territory, the people known as Darandoolle and the other Hiraab cannot water their herds by day, but only at night.” … Then all the Darandoolle gathered in one place. The leaders decided to make war on the Ajuuraan. They found the imam of the Ajuuraan seated on a rock near a well called Ceel Cawl. They killed him with a sword. As they struck him with the sword, they split his body together with the rock on which he was seated. He died immediately and the Ajuuraan migrated out of the country. In another variation of the story, a young Darandoolle warrior was born with a gold ring on his finger, a sign of his future preeminence. The Darandoolle then rallied around their young leader, who eventually assumed the title of Imam of the Hiraab and took up residence in Muqdisho.^[1]

By 1700, the Hiraab and other clans occupied a large territory stretching the interior from the Shabelle valley to the arid lands of Mudug and to the coastal areas of Mogadishu towards Hobyo. After the immediate fall of the Ajuuraan, the Hiraab established an independent rule for at least two centuries.^[2] CalledRegno di Magadozo or the Kingdom of Magadoxo in official medieval bulletins, at their peak they would go on to dominate what became Greater Benadir.^[3]

Distribution

The Hiraab clan predominantly inhabits the central and southern regions of Somalia, including Galgaduud, Mudug, Middle Shabelle, Hiiraan, Banadir, Lower Shabelle, and, to a lesser extent, Sool, Lower Juba, and the Somali region of Ethiopia.^{[citation needed]}

Galkayo, Galmudug

In Mudug,^[4] the Sacad sub-clan of the Habar Gidir exerts political and local dominance over the Galkayo^[5] district and city. The Saleeban sub-clan of the Habar Gidir is the majority in the Hobyo^[6] district, alongside the Sacad, and the Waceysle sub-clan of the Abgaal and the Saruur of the Habar Gidir are the majority^[7] in the Harardhere district.^{[citation needed]}

Hobyo, Galmudug

The Galgaduud region is a stronghold of the Hiraab clan,^[8] forming the majority in five out of sevendistricts and the second largest group in the remaining two. They hold significant influence and control over these districts, occupying most key positions. The Saleeban sub-clan dominates the Adado, the Ayr sub-clan is the majority in the Dusmareb and Guriel districts, the Waceysle sub-clan leads in the El Dher district, and the Duduble sub-clan is predominant in the El Buur^[9] district. The Ayr sub-clan also extends into the Abudwak and Balanbale districts, holding various positions and key towns.^{[citation needed]}

A photo of the Guriel town

In the Middle Shabelle region of the Hirshabelle state, the Abgaal sub-clan forms a majority,^[10] controlling the governor's office and other key districts, including the fertile lands of the Jowhar^[11]] and Bal'ad districts and the tourist-attractive coastal towns near Mogadishu. In Hiiraan, the Hiraab live in three out of eight districts: Gerijir, Mataban, where the Habar Gidir form a plurality, and Jawiil district, which is inhabited by the Udejeen.^{[citation needed]}

Jowhar District

In Banadir, the Hiraab are concentrated around the national capital Mogadishu, and were the earliest inhabitants. They primarily occupy 16 of the 18 districts, holding district governor positions in 12 and vice-governor roles in the rest. They also have a presence in the other 2 districts, which are the Deynile and Hamarweyne districts, and hold vice-governor roles in them as well. The Hiraab clan has established itself as a significant force in the city, holding key positions such as the mayor, head of police, head of security services, and head of the courts. The community has been prominent in Mogadishu since the 17th century with the Hiraab Imamate.

In the Somali Region of Ethiopia, the Hiraab inhabit key districts and towns near the Hiiraan and Somalia border, including Ferfer, where the Udejeen clan resides. The Habar Gidir live near the Galmudug border in towns like Labobaar in the Korahey zone. The Ayr sub-clan's Fiqishini members are found in the Dollo zone's Qararo Hawiye town and the Erer zone. The Sheekhaal sub-clan lives in Afdher's Raaso district and areas near the capital Jiiga, such as Gursum. They also inhabit parts of Oromia.

In Lower Juba, the Sheekhaal sub-clan resides in major districts such as Hoosingo and Jamaame. In Lower Shabelle, their communities stretch from Afgoye, Merca, and Baraawe, inhabiting the lush lands of the region. The Abgaal also have a presence in some districts of Lower Jubba, such as Turdho.^[12] In the Sool and Togdheer regions of Somalia and Somaliland, the Fiqishini sub-clan of the Ayr lives in key cities like Adhi'adeye and constitutes a portion of Buuhoodle city in Togdheer.^[13]

Hiraab sub-clans

Ali Jimale Ahmed outlines the Hiraab clan genealogical tree in The Invention of Somalia:^[14]^[15]^[16]

Hawiye clan tree

Hiraab
- Mudulood Hiraab
  - Ciise Mudulood (Udeejen)
    - Abokor
      - Adan Yacquub
      - Ali Yacquub
        Reer Raage
      - Yusuf Yacquub
        Xasan Yusuf (Reer Ugaas)
        
        Macalin Maxamuud
        Xersi Macalin
        
        Kheyre Macalin
        
        Siyaad Macalin
        
        Dudub Macalin
        
        Faatax Macalin
    - Abaadir
      - Maxamed Samatar
  - Wa'weyteen Mudulood
  - Darandoole Mudulood
    - Hilibi Darandoole
      - Tolweyne
        Dhagoweeyne
        
        Reer Duleey
        
        Gacal Maxamed
        
        Cumar Caalin
        
        Reer Faqi
        
        Ximin Nacbe
      - Yabadhaale
        Guudcadde
        
        Abroone
        
        Cosoble
        
        Gacal Waaq
        
        Galbe
    - Isman Darandoole
      - Wacdaan Cismaan
        Yabarow
        
        Ali Yaberow
        
        Bana Yaberow
        Maalinle
        Maxamed Maalinle
        
        Ibrahim Maalinle
        Maxaad Mooldheere
        
        Abuukar Mooldheere
        
        Yabar Ilkagaduud
        
        Samakaay
        
        Warqatinle
        
        Warqab
      - Moobleen Isman
        Magacle Moobleen
        Yabar Magacle
        
        Cool Magacle
        
        Xayaale Magacle
        
        Abidig Moobleen
        Tolweyne
        
        Yabadhaale
        
        Maqalsame
      - Abgaal
        Harti (Maxamed, Bah Sarjeele (Ajuuraan)
        Caleed Harti
        Warsangeli Caleed
        Cumar
        
        Cabdalle
        
        Suul Harti
        Caroone Muuse
        Maxamed Caroone
        Gaabane Maxamed
        Agoonyar
        
        Owbakar
        
        Yabar Maxamed
        
        Nugaale (Habar Nugaal)
        
        Cabdalla Caroone
        
        Saleeban Caroone
        
        Ciise Harti
        
        Wacbudhan (Bah Hintire Bal'ad (Ajuuraan)
        Yonis Danweyne
        Galmaax Yonis
        Yusuf Galmaax
        Muuse Yuusuf
        Maxamed Muuse
        
        Wehliye Muuse
        
        Cumar Galmaax
        Celi Cumar
        
        Reer Mataan
        
        Abdulle Galmaax
        
        Xuseen Yonis
        Sahal Koraaye
        
        Adan Yonis
        
        Maxamed Yonis
        
        Kabaale Wacbudhan
        Saleeban Muse
        
        Xeyle Muse
        
        Dauud
        Isaaq Dauud
        
        Yusuf Dauud
        
        Waceysle (Warculus, Bah Hintire Bal'ad (Ajuuraan)
        Saleeban Waceysle
        Cumar Saleeban
        Dhagaweyne Cumar
        
        Faqay Cumar
        
        Cabdalle Cumar
        Cali Gaaf
        
        Qombor
        Absuge
        Dhagacase Qombor
        
        Macalin Dhiblaawe
        
        Ogale Cumar
        
        Abdirahman Saleban
        
        Jibraail Waceysle
        
        Haaruun Waceysle
        
        Abdulle Abgaal (Jurtub, Bah Sarjeele (Ajuuraan)
        
        Mohamud Abgaal (Atwaaq, Bah Sarjeele (Ajuuraan)
      - Ilaaway Cismaan
        Weheliye
        Makaraan
        
        Xabeey
        
        Xalane
        
        Aamin
        Xuseen Aamin
        
        Gacal Aamin
        
        Iidle Aamin
- Habar Gidir
  - Sa'ad
    - Awarere Sa'ad(Cawareere)
      - Odow
        Da'ud
        Muuse Culus
        Reer Jalaf
        
        Reer Nim'ale
        
        Mahad Culus
        Reer Barqadle
        
        Reer Qurdhale
        
        Mohamed Culus (Reer Mohamed)
      - Wuqujire
        Maxamed (Lugayare)
        
        Maxamud (Sinoole)
        
        Uways Wuqujire
        Hassan Uways (Reer Faraale)
        
        Xuseen Uways (Bahwayn)
        
        Xayloow
        Cali (Indhayar)
        Culus
        Reer Hilowle
        
        Reer Ayaanle
        
        Abakar Culus
      - Abdalle Sa'ad(Cabdalle)
        Adan Abdalle
        Ali Abdalle
        Sufi Ali
        
        Ahmed Ali
        
        Abrone Abdalle
        
        Halane Abrone
        Omar Halane
        Guled Omar
        
        Yusuf Omar
        Jibril Yusuf
        
        Ayanle Yusuf
        Abdi Ayanle
        
        Jamac Ayanle
        
        Mohamed Ayanle
        
        Geedi Ayanle
        
        Sayid Ayanle
        
        Agane Abdalle
        Malinle Agabe
        Bare Malinle
        
        Fiqi Malinle
        Daoud Fiqi
        
        Ismail Fiqi
        
        Ishaq Fiqi
        Abdi Ishaq
        
        Abdille Abdi
        Jamac Abdille
        Qalaf jama
        
        Farah Malinle
        
        Abrone Agane
        
        Abokor Agane
  - Mahamed (Ayr)
    - Wa'e/Wace Mahamed(Yabadhaale)
      - Sunad-Nabi Wa'e
        Caaldheere
    - Mu'le/Mucle Mahamed(Tolweyne)
      - Abti-idig Mucle
        Warwaaq Abti-idig(HabarAji)
        Xaryanle Abti-idig(HabarAji)
        
        Daaud(Sabuuh) Abti-idig(Habar-Islaaleed)
        
        Dhowrakace Abti-idig(Habar Islaaleed)
        Bilaal Dhowrakace(Yabardhowrakace)
        Dhalow Dhowrakace
        
        Madahdiir Dhowrakace
        
        Dangub Dhowrakace
        
        Samadoor Dhowrakace
        Hassan Samadoorte
        
        Ahmed Samadoorte
        Caroole Ahmed
        Bah Ina-Hassan
        Babaanshe Caroole
        
        Suubiye Caroole
        
        Ayaanle Caroole
        
        Bah Ina Suufi Kobdheer
        Caalin Caroole(Reer Ugaas)
        
        Cabsiiye Caroole
  - Saleban
    - Farah Saleebaan (Farax)
      - Heysow
        Reer Warfaa
        
        Bah-Abgaal
        
        Saciid Ebakar
        
        Reer Xirsi
        
        Reer Gaafow
        
        Maxamed Cabdi
        Reer Warsame
        
        Reer Muuse
        
        Reer Caraaye
    - Warsame Saleebaan (Dashame)
      - Obokor
      - Gaabane
        Maxamed
        Rooble
        Farax Rooble
        
        Maxamed Rooble
        Reer Ugaas
        
        Cabdi (Cabdi-Gaab)
  - Saruur
    - Nabadwaa Saruur
      - Kubeenshe
        Wehliye
        
        Cali Wehliye
        Faarax Cali
        Cali Faarax
        Rooble Cali
        
        Jimcaale Cali
        
        Maxamed Cali
        Xuurshe Maxamed
        
        Adan Maxamed
        
        Odawaa Maxamed
        
        Maxamuud Maxamed
      - Xuseen Nabadwaa
        Birkaanle Xuseen
        Ibraahim Birkaanle
        Cumar Ibraahim
        Xalane Cumar
        
        Odasuge Cumar
        
        Maxamuud Birkaanle
        Rooble Maxamuud
    - Wacdaan Saruur
- Duduble
  - Maqlisame
  - Maxamed Camal
  - Aarsade
- Maxamed martiile Hiraab (Sheikhaal)
  - Loobage
    - Sacdi Loobage
    - Caagane
      - Samatar Caagane
      - Samafale Caagane
      - Buubaal Caagane
      - Maxamed Caagane
    - Tolweyne Loobage
      - Gacal Mahadalle
      - Maxamed Mahadalle
    - Cabdi Loobage
  - Cabdi Sheikh

  ***[REER AW QUDUB]

- - (Cumarsiyaad Awqudub)
  - Reer Awsamatar [Cumarsiyaad]
  - Reer Aw Ismaciil [Cumarsiyaad]
  - Reer Sh Aden [Cumarsiyaad]
  - Reer Xaji Maxamud [Cumarsiyaad]
  - Faarax Cilmi [Cumarsiyaad]
  - Reer Aw Salaan [Cumardiyaad]

______________________________

- - - (Reer Awcabdalle)
  - AxmedCas Awcabdalle
  - Axmedsomaal Awcabdalle
  - Axmednuur Awcabdale
  - Axmedjamal Awcabdalle

______________________________

- - (Reer Axmed Awqudub)
  - Cali Axmed
  - Sh Liiban Axmed(ree sh Rooble)
  - Cabdiraxman Axmed
  - Muuse Axmed
  - Hussein Axmed
  - Yussuf Ahmed

________________________________

- - Reer Cumardiin Awqudub
  - Reer Yaxye Awcumardiin
  - Reer Calinasri Awcumardiin
  - Reer cabdullahi Awcumardiin
  - Reer Cabdiraxman Awcumardiin
  - Reer Isamaciil Awcumardiin
  - Reer Jamaal Awcumardiin
  - Reer Isxaaq Awcumardiin
  - Reer Ibraahim Awcumardiin
  - Reer Samire Awqudub
  - Reer Sadiiq Awqudub

Important members

Politics

Aden Adde, the first president of Somalia
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Current President of Somalia and President from 2012 to 2016
Abdullahi Issa Mohamud, the first PM of Somalia
Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President of Somalia from 1991 to 1997
Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Former President of Somalia
Abdiqasim Salad, President of Somalia from 2000 to 2004
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of Somalia from 2009 to 2012
Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Former prime minister of the Transitional Federal Government
Omar Finnish, former mayor of Mogadishu and Governor of Banaadir
Mohamed Nur, former mayor of Mogadishu and Governor of Banaadir
Abdirahman Omar Osman, former mayor of Mogadishu and Governor of Banaadir
Hassan Mohamed Hussein, former mayor of Mogadishu and Governor of Banaadir
Nur Hassan Husein, Former prime minister of the Transitional Federal Government
Ali Ghedi, Former prime minister of the Transitional Federal Government
Hussein Kulmiye Afrah, vice-president of Somalia under the Siad Barre Regime
Mohamed Hussein Roble, former prime minister of Somalia
Abdulrahman Kinana, Tanzanian politician and first speaker of the EAC

Military leaders and personnel

General Daud Abdulle Hirsi, First Commander-In-Chief of the Somali National Army Forces
Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, Major General in the Somali Military
General Mohamed Nur Galaal,^[17] Frunze Trained Major General, Former Deputy Defence Minister, Chief Architect of the 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War and the Ogaden War 1977, Commander of the 1990 Somali Rebellion in Mogadishu, Transitional National Government of Somalia Head of National Commission for Security and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a Paramilitary Advisor, Four Time War Hero
Dahir Adan Elmi, Chief of Somali Armed Forces, Major General and the Commander of Qabdri-Daharre Battalion in Somalia-Ethiopian War in 1977 and awarded a Medal of Honour. He is regarded as the longest-serving General in the Somali Army
Abdi Hasan Awale Qeybdiid, Longest reigning Police Commissioner, dubbed Tiger Abdi in the infamous Black Hawk Down
Hassan Dahir Aweys, Decorated Colonel of the Ogaden War, Founder of the Islamic Courts Union
Ahmed Jila'ow Adow, former Director of the Somali Secret Services and a Mayor of Mogadishu in 1991
Mohammed Hussein Ali, Former Commissioner of the Kenya Police
Mohamed Ibrahim Liqliiqato, prominent military leader

Leading intellectuals

Caaqil dheryadoobe, Linguist and icon Of Somali History
Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, Linguist, Author of the 1952 Kaddariya script
Ismail Jim'ale Osoble, Human Rights Lawyer, Journalist, Cabinet Minister, Author of the 1990 Somali Manifesto
Farah Weheliye Addo, Politician, Chairman of the Somali Football Association, Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations, Somali Olympic Committee and vice-president of the African Football Confederation
Abdirahman Yabarow, Editor-in-Chief of the VOA Somali Service
Abdi Mohamed Ulusso, Writer, Historian, 2004 Presidential Candidate
Elman Ali Ahmed, Entrepreneur and Social Activist
Ali Jimale Ahmed, Educator at the City University of New York

Athletes

Ayub Daud, Somali professional footballer
Omar Mohamed, professional footballer
Abdi Nageeye, World Champion Marathon

Musicians

Saciid Mire Xeydar, Famous Somali Singer
Hasan Adan Samatar, famous Somali singer.
Axyaa Waddani, SYL poet
Abdi Bashir Indhobuur, poet
Farah Gololeey, poet and composer.
K'naan, Somali poet and first Somali to receive a Grammy award.
Magool, Somali singer.

References

^ Cassanelli, Lee (1982). The Shaping of Somali Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780812278323.
^ Cassanelli, Lee (1982). The Shaping of Somali Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780812278323.
^ Mitchell, Samuel (1842). Exhibiting the History of Geographical Science and the Progress of Discovery to the Present Time. Samuel Augustus Mitchell. p. 564.
^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program - Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Saleban Abdalla subclan of Surre clan (Dir)". ucdp.uu.se. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "Galkayo and Somalia's Dangerous Faultlines - Somalia | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "UNHCR Somalia: Information on the clans in control of Galcayo, Gelinsoor and Hobyo and on current conditions in these areas". refworld.org. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "Mudug". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "Galgaduud". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "1.2. The role of clans in Somalia". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "Middle Shabelle". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "Security and Political Awareness Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2024.
^ "CEWERU FINAL Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2023.
^ "Between Somaliland and Puntland : marginalization, militarization and conflicting political vision | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea. p. 123. ISBN 0-932415-98-9.
^ Richard Burton, First Footsteps in East Africa', 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165
^ "Clans in Somalia Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel" (PDF).
^ "Kumuu ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Nuur Galaal?".

External links

Mudulood Hiraab. daruur.com.

[Cassanelli_125-1] Cassanelli, Lee (1982). The Shaping of Somali Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780812278323.

[Cassanelli_127-2] Cassanelli, Lee (1982). The Shaping of Somali Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780812278323.

[3] Mitchell, Samuel (1842). Exhibiting the History of Geographical Science and the Progress of Discovery to the Present Time. Samuel Augustus Mitchell. p. 564.

[4] "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program - Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Saleban Abdalla subclan of Surre clan (Dir)". ucdp.uu.se. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[5] "Galkayo and Somalia's Dangerous Faultlines - Somalia | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[6] "UNHCR Somalia: Information on the clans in control of Galcayo, Gelinsoor and Hobyo and on current conditions in these areas". refworld.org. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[7] "Mudug". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[8] "Galgaduud". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[9] "1.2. The role of clans in Somalia". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[10] "Middle Shabelle". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[11] "Security and Political Awareness Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2024.

[12] "CEWERU FINAL Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2023.

[13] "Between Somaliland and Puntland : marginalization, militarization and conflicting political vision | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[ali_jimale_ahmed-14] Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea. p. 123. ISBN 0-932415-98-9.

[15] Richard Burton, First Footsteps in East Africa', 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165

[16] "Clans in Somalia Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel" (PDF).

[17] "Kumuu ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Nuur Galaal?".

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