In Greek mythology, Cranaus or Kranaos (/ˈkræni.əs/;[1]Ancient Greek: Κραναός) was the second King of Athens, succeeding Cecrops I.
Family
editCranaus married Pedias, a Spartan woman and daughter of Mynes, with whom he had three daughters: Cranaë, Cranaechme, and Atthis.[2] Atthis gave her name to Attica after dying, possibly as a young girl,[3] although in other traditions she was the mother, by Hephaestus, of Erichthonius. Rarus was also given as a son of Cranaus.[4]
Reign
editCranaus was supposed to have reigned for either nine or ten years and was an autochthon (born from the earth), like his predecessor. During his reign the flood of the Deucalion story was thought to have occurred. In some accounts, Deucalion was said to have fled Lycorea to Athens with his sons Hellen and Amphictyon.[5] Deucalion died shortly thereafter and was said to have been buried near Athens. Amphictyon is said to have married one of the daughters of Cranaus.
Cranaus was deposed by Amphictyon son of Deucalion, who was himself later deposed by Erichthonius.[6] Cranaus fled to Lamptrae, where he died and was buried. His tomb was still there in the times of Pausanias.[7] Cranaus was venerated as hero in Athens; his priests came from the family Charidae.[8]
The people of Attica were referred to as Kranaoi[9] after Cranaus, and Athens as Kranaa[10] or Kranaai.[11]
Notes
edit
- ^ Avery, Catherine B., ed. (1962). New Century Classical Handbook. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 328.
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.14.5
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.14.5; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.2.6; Strabo, Geographica 9.1.18
- ^ Hesychius of Alexandria s. v. Kranaou hyios
- ^ Eusebius, Chronicle 2, p. 26; Parian Chronicle, 4 - 7;
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.14.6
- ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.31.3
- ^ Hesychius of Alexandria s.v. Kharidai
- ^ Aristophanes, Birds 123; Herodotus, Histories 8.44; Suda s.v. Kranaōn; Aeschylus, Eumenides 993: "children of Cranaus"
- ^ Aristophanes, Acharnians 75; Lysistrata 481; Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Kranaē
- ^ Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.82
References
edit- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Aristophanes, Birds. The Complete Greek Drama. vol. 2. Eugene O'Neill, Jr. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Aristophanes, Aristophanes Comoediae edited by F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart, vol. 2. F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1907. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Herodotus, The Histories with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. ISBN 0-674-99133-8. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library.
- Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
- Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pindar, Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pindar, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.