Color Classics are a series of animated short films produced by Fleischer Studios for Paramount Pictures from 1934 to 1941 as a competitor to Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies.[1] As the name implies, all of the shorts were made in color format, with the first entry of the series, Poor Cinderella (1934), being the first color cartoon produced by the Fleischer studio. There were 36 shorts produced in this series.
| Color Classics | |
|---|---|
| Directed by | Dave Fleischer |
| Produced by | Max Fleischer |
| Animation by | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall William Henning Willard Bowsky David Tendlar Nicholas Tafuri Eli Brucker William Sturm Myron Waldman Sam Stimson Edward Nolan Hicks Lokey Joseph Oriolo Graham Place Arnold Gillespie Orestes Calpini Tony Pabian Nelson Demorset George Moreno Shamus Culhane Al Eugster Stan Quackenbush Otto Feuer |
| Color process | 2-strip Cinecolor (Poor Cinderella) 2-strip Technicolor (1934–1935) 3-strip Technicolor (1936–1941) |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures (original and current holder) National Telefilm Associates (reissue) |
Release dates | August 3, 1934 – August 22, 1941 |
Running time | 6–10 minutes (one reel) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
History
editThe first Color Classic was photographed with the Two-Color, two strip Cinecolor process. The rest of the 1934 and 1935 cartoons were filmed in Two-Color Technicolor, because the Disney studio had an exclusive agreement with Technicolor that prevented other studios from using the Three-Color process. That exclusive contract expired during September 1935, and the 1936 Color Classic cartoon Somewhere in Dreamland (1936) became the first Fleischer cartoon produced in Three-Color Technicolor.[2]
The first cartoon in the series, Poor Cinderella, featured Betty Boop (with red hair and turquoise eyes); future shorts usually did not have familiar or recurring characters.
Many of the Color Classics entries make prominent use of Max Fleischer's Stereoptical process, a device which allowed animation cels to be photographed against actual 3 dimensional background sets instead of the traditional paintings. Poor Cinderella, Somewhere in Dreamland, and Christmas Comes But Once a Year all make prominent use of the technique. Disney's competing apparatus, the multiplane camera, would not be completed until 1937, three years after the Stereoptical Process's first use.[2] The Color Classics series ended in 1941 with Vitamin Hay, featuring characters Hunky and Spunky. A similar series would be started by Fleischer's successor Famous Studios during 1943, with the name Noveltoons.
Later statuses
editDuring 1955, Paramount sold all rights to the Color Classics cartoons to television distributor U.M. & M. TV Corporation. U.M. & M. altered the original beginning credits sequences for some of the shorts, to remove all references to the names "Paramount Pictures" and "Technicolor", and to add their own Copyright notices. Before the re-titling could be finished, U.M. & M. was bought by National Telefilm Associates (NTA). Instead of re-filming the openings, NTA obscured the references to the Paramount and Technicolor names by placing black bars over the original title cards and Copyright notices. Only a few Color Classics had their title cards redone by U.M. & M., among them Greedy Humpty Dumpty, Play Safe, Christmas Comes But Once a Year, Bunny Mooning, Little Lambkins, and Vitamin Hay.
NTA distributed the Color Classics to television, yet allowed the Copyrights on all of the shorts to lapse except The Tears of an Onion. Many public domain video distributors have released television prints of Color Classics shorts for Home Video. The UCLA Film and Television Archive has, through the assistance of Republic Pictures (successor company to U.M. & M. and NTA), retained original theatrical copies of all of the shorts, which have periodically been shown in revival movie houses and by Cable Television.
Ironically, original distributor Paramount has, through their 1999 acquisition of Republic, regained ownership of the Color Classics, including the original elements. Olive Films (current licensee for Republic, and which currently has home video rights) has, to date, not announced any plans to release the Color Classics officially to DVD or Blu-Ray.
During 2003, animation archivist Jerry Beck conceived a definitive DVD box set of all the Color Classics, excluding The Tears of an Onion, and tried to enlist Republic Pictures' help in releasing this set. After being refused, Kit Parker Films (in association with VCI Entertainment) offered to provide the best available 35mm and 16mm prints of the Color Classics from Parker's archives to create the box set Somewhere in Dreamland: The Max Fleischer Color Classics. These "interim restored versions" contain digitally recreated Paramount titles; the U.M. & M.-modified prints had to have their title cards as well as their Animator Credits recreated. The Tears of an Onion was not included in the set, as it remains Copyrighted by Republic successor Melange Pictures.[3]
In 2021, after decades of being shown in altered, worn, and "beet-red" prints, the Fleischer estate (in co-operation with Paramount Pictures) launched an initiative to formally restore the entire classic animation library from the surviving original negatives, beginning with Somewhere In Dreamland, which has had its restored World Premiere on the MeTV network in December of said year as part of the Toon In With Me Christmas special, presented uncut with its original front-and-end Paramount titles.[4]
Filmography
editMany of the cartoons do not have recurring characters, but Poor Cinderella featured Betty Boop, while Christmas Comes But Once a Year featured Grampy and Tommy Cod. Towards the end, Hunky and Spunky were featured characters.
All cartoons released during 1934 and 1935 were produced in Two-Color Technicolor, except for Poor Cinderella which was produced in Cinecolor. All shorts from 1936 and onward were produced in Three-Color Technicolor.
| No. | Title | Original release date | Animation | Story | Music |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Betty Boop in Poor Cinderella | August 3, 1934 | Character animation: Roland Crandall Seymour Kneitel William Henning |
Murray Mencher Jack Scholl Charles Tobias Phil Spitalny (director, uncredited) Sammy Timberg (director, uncredited) | |
| 2 | Little Dutch Mill | October 26, 1934 | Willard Bowsky Dave Tendlar |
George Steiner (uncredited) | |
| 3 | An Elephant Never Forgets | January 2, 1935 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
Sammy Timberg Jack Scholl | |
| 4 | The Song of the Birds | March 1, 1935 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 5 | The Kids in the Shoe | May 19, 1935 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
George Steiner (uncredited) | |
| 6 | Dancing on the Moon | July 12, 1935 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
Charlie Tobias Murray Mencher | |
| 7 | Time for Love | September 6, 1935 | Willard Bowsky Nicholas Tafuri |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 8 | Musical Memories | November 8, 1935 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 9 | Somewhere in Dreamland | January 17, 1936 | Seymour Kneitel Roland Crandall |
Murray Mencher Charles Newman | |
| 10 | The Little Stranger | March 13, 1936 | Dave Tendlar Eli Brucker |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 11 | The Cobweb Hotel | May 15, 1936 | David Tendlar William Sturm |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg | |
| 12 | Greedy Humpty Dumpty | July 10, 1936 | David Tendlar William Sturm |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg | |
| 13 | Hawaiian Birds | August 28, 1936 | Myron Waldman Sam Stimson |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 14 | Play Safe | October 16, 1936 | David Tendlar Eli Brucker |
Sammy Timberg Vee Lawnhurst Tot Seymour | |
| 15 | Christmas Comes But Once a Year | December 4, 1936 | Seymour Kneitel William Henning |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg Tot Seymour | |
| 16 | Bunny Mooning | February 12, 1937 | Myron Waldman Edward Nolan |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 17 | Chicken a La King | April 16, 1937 | David Tendlar Nicholas Tafuri |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg | |
| 18 | A Car-Tune Portrait | June 26, 1937 | Character animation: David Tendlar Nicholas Tafuri Herman Cohen (uncr.) William Sturm (uncr.) Eli Brucker (uncr.) Joe Oriolo (uncr.) Jack Rabin (uncr.) |
Uncredited story by: Dave Fleischer Isadore Sparber and David Tendlar |
King Ross |
| 19 | Peeping Penguins | August 26, 1937 | Myron Waldman Hicks Lokey |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg | |
| 20 | Educated Fish | October 29, 1937 | Myron Waldman Hicks Lokey |
Sammy Timberg Bob Rothberg | |
| 21 | Little Lamby | November 12, 1937 | David Tendlar William Sturm |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 22 | The Tears of an Onion | February 26, 1938 | David Tendlar Joseph Oriolo |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 23 | Hold It! | April 29, 1938 | David Tendlar Nicholas Tafuri |
Sammy Timberg Vee Lawnhurst Tot Seymour | |
| 24 | Hunky and Spunky | June 24, 1938 | Myron Waldman Graham Place |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 25 | All's Fair at the Fair | August 26, 1938 | Myron Waldman Graham Place |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 26 | The Playful Polar Bears | October 28, 1938 | Myron Waldman Graham Place |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 27 | Hunky and Spunky in "Always Kickin'" | January 29, 1939 | Myron Waldman Arnold Gillespie |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 28 | Small Fry | April 21, 1939 | Willard Bowsky Orestes Calpini |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 29 | The Barnyard Brat (Hunky and Spunky) | June 30, 1939 | Myron Waldman Tony Pabian |
Sammy Timberg | |
| 30 | The Fresh Vegetable Mystery | September 29, 1939 | David Tendlar William Sturm |
Joe Stultz | Sammy Timberg |
| 31 | Little Lambkins | February 2, 1940 | Character animation: Dave Tendlar Nelson Demorest (credited as N. Demorest) |
Joe Stultz | Sammy Timberg |
| 32 | Ants in the Plants | March 15, 1940 | Myron Waldman George Moreno |
George Manuell | Sammy Timberg |
| 33 | A Kick in Time (Hunky and Spunky) | May 17, 1940 | James Culhane Alfred Eugster |
George Manuell | Sammy Timberg |
| 34 | Snubbed by a Snob (Hunky and Spunky) | July 19, 1940 | Stan Quackenbush Arnold Gillespie |
Joe Stultz | Sammy Timberg |
| 35 | You Can't Shoe a Horse Fly (Hunky and Spunky) | August 23, 1940 | Myron Waldman Sam Stimson |
William Turner | Sammy Timberg |
| 36 | Vitamin Hay (Hunky and Spunky) | August 22, 1941 | David Tendlar Otto Feuer |
Bob Wickersham | Sammy Timberg |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 66–67. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b Maltin, Leonard. Of Mice and Magic, p. 114
- ^ Treadway, Bill. Review for Somewhere in Dreamland DVD.
- ^ "Bringing Fleischer's "Somewhere In Dreamland" to MeTV". Cartoon Research. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- General
- Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516729-5.
- Maltin, Leonard (1980, rev. 1987). Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-452-25993-2.