The 1st Army (Russian: 1-я армия, romanized: 1А) was an army-level command of the Russian Imperial Army created during World War I. The First Army, commanded by General Paul von Rennenkampf, invaded East Prussia at the outbreak of war in 1914 along with the Second Army commanded by General Alexander Samsonov.[1] After declaring war on the German Empire, the Russian Empire had been able to mobilize very quickly. All Russian forces were put under the command of Grand Duke Nikolai and his Quartermaster General Yuri Danilov.
| 1st Army | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | July 1914 – beginning of 1918 |
| Country |  Russian Empire |
| Branch |  Imperial Russian Army |
| Type | Field army |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | General Aleksei Brusilov General Lavr Kornilov General Paul von Rennenkampf |
The invading forces made a determined and speedy attack on East Prussia. However, the First and Second Armies were stopped by the German Eighth Army, led by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and his chief of staff, General Erich Ludendorff. The German and Russian armies met at Tannenberg, where the Second Army was encircled and suffered complete destruction. Both the First and Second Armies suffered terrible casualties in one of the most comprehensive German victories of World War I. The First Army also suffered defeat at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in September 1914, which led to Rennenkampf's dismissal and replacement by Litvinov. First Army served under Northwestern front for the remainder of the war. Litvinov was replaced by Sokovnin in April 1917. Vannovski replaced Sokovnin in July and the army's final commander, von Notbek, took over in September 1917.
Order of battle on formation
editThe First Army consisted of the following units in August 1914:
| Organization of 1st Army in August 1914 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Army | Corps | Division |
| 1st Army | 2nd Army Corps | 26th Infantry Division |
| 43rd Infantry Division | ||
| 3rd Army Corps | 25th Infantry Division | |
| 27th Infantry Division | ||
| 4th Army Corps | 30th Infantry Division | |
| 40th Infantry Division | ||
| 20th Army Corps | 28th Infantry Division | |
| 29th Infantry Division | ||
| (Unattached) | 56th Infantry Division | |
| 1st Guards Cavalry Division | ||
| 2nd Guards Cavalry Division | ||
| 1st Cavalry Division | ||
| 2nd Cavalry Division | ||
| 3rd Cavalry Division | ||
Military Fronts in which the 1st Army participated
edit- Northwestern Front (July 1914 – August 1915)
- Western Front (August 1915 – April 1916)
- Northern Front (April 1916 – July 1917)
- Southwestern Front (July – September 1917)
- Northern Front (September 1917 – the beginning of 1918)
Engagements
edit- Battle of Stallupönen (17 August 1914)
- Battle of Gumbinnen (20 August 1914)
- Battle of Tannenberg (23–30 August 1914)
- First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (8–11 September 1914)
- Battle of Łódź (11 November – 6 December 1914)
Commanders
editThe 1st Army had the following commanders until it was demobilized in 1918.
| From | Until | Rank | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 July 1914 | 18 November 1914 | General of the Cavalry | Paul von Rennenkampf |
| 5 December 1914 | 2 April 1917 | General of the Cavalry | Aleksandr Litvinov |
| 12 April 1917 | 25 April 1917 | Lieutenant General | Ilya Odishelizde |
| 22 April 1917 | 30 July 1917 | Lieutenant General | Mikhail Sokovin |
| 31 July 1917 | 9 September 1917 | Lieutenant General | Gleb Vannovsky |
| 9 September 1917 | November 1917 | Lieutenant General | Vladimir von Notbek |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Patrick Murphy (6 March 2006). "The Victories and Defeats of the Russian Army: 1914". MilitaryHistoryOnline.com. Retrieved 7 September 2012.