Papers by Iñigo R . Arandia
Frontiers in Psychology, Aug 3, 2022
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Pain
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<b>Information Scaling in Large Neural Populations</b><br><br>This reposi... more <b>Information Scaling in Large Neural Populations</b><br><br>This repository contains the neural data used in the following article:<br><br>MohammadMehdi Kafashan, Anna W Jaffe, Selmaan N Chettih, Ramon Nogueira, Iñigo Arandia-Romero, Christopher D Harvey, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Jan Drugowitsch (2020). <i>Scaling of sensory information in large neural populations reveals signatures of information-limiting correlations</i>. Under review.<br><br>The data was collected by Anna Jaffe and Selmaan Chettih. The MATLAB code to reproduce the figures in the above manuscript is available at https://github.com/DrugowitschLab/SensoryInformationScaling/.<br><br>We recorded neural activity in visual cortex V1 of male mice between 4-7 months of age in response to drifting gratings using a custom-built two-photon microscope. Visual stimuli consisted of square-wave gratings presented on a grey background to match average luminance across stimuli. Gratings were windowed outside of a central circle of radius 20 degrees with a Gaussian of 19 degrees standard deviation, or windowed with a Gaussian central aperture mask of 44 degrees standard deviation (for mice 1 and 2 only) to prevent monitor edge artifacts. Grating drift directions were pseudo-randomly sampled from 45-360° in 45° increments at 10% or 25% contrast, spatial frequency of 0.035 cycles per degree, and temporal frequency of 2 Hz. Stimuli were presented for 500 ms, followed by a 500 ms grey stimulus during the inter-stimulus interval (1 Hz presentation). <br><br>Multiple experiments conducted in each mouse were performed at different locations within V1 or different depths within layer 2/3 (120-180 μm below the brain surface).<br><br>Please consult the above manuscript and associated analysis code for a more detailed description of the experiments, the used stimuli and their timing, and the performed image processing.<br><br>Each dataset is stored in MATLAB format, `.mat`, named by mouse ID and date. Each dataset includes multiple variables, the following of which are the mos [...]
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ENG Understanding the sources and the role of the spiking activity of neural populations, and how... more ENG Understanding the sources and the role of the spiking activity of neural populations, and how this activity is related to sensory stimuli, decisions or motor actions is a crucial challenge in neuroscience. In this work, we analyzed the spiking activity of tens of neurons recorded in the primary visual cortex of macaque monkeys while drifting sinusoidal gratings were presented in different orientations. We found that global fluctuations of the network measured by the population activity affect the tuning of individual neurons both multiplicatively and additively. Population activity also has an impact in the information of small ensembles, which depends on the kind of modulation that the tuning of those neurons undergoes. Interestingly, the total information of the network is not altered by these fluctuations. In the second part, we developed a method to measure 'differential correlations' (Moreno-Bote et al., 2014) from limited amount of data, and obtained the first, alt...
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How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? One p... more How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? One possibility is that information is distributed roughly evenly across neurons, so that total information scales linearly with the number of recorded neurons. Alternatively, the neural code might be highly redundant, meaning that total information saturates. Here we investigated how information about the direction of a moving visual stimulus is distributed across hundreds of simultaneously recorded neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). We found that information scales sublinearly, due to the presence of correlated noise in these populations. Using recent theoretical advances, we compartmentalized noise correlations into information-limiting and nonlimiting components, and then extrapolated to predict how information grows when neural populations are even larger. We predict that tens of thousands of neurons are required to encode 95% of the information about visual stimulus direction,...
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BMC Neuroscience, 2013
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Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2017
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Neuron, 2016
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
Due to their complexity and variability, placebo effects remain controversial. We suggest this is... more Due to their complexity and variability, placebo effects remain controversial. We suggest this is also due to a set of problematic assumptions (dualism, reductionism, individualism, passivity). We critically assess current explanations and empirical evidence and propose an alternative theoretical framework—the enactive approach to life and mind—based on recent developments in embodied cognitive science. We review core enactive concepts such as autonomy, agency, and sense-making. Following these ideas, we propose a move from binary distinctions (e.g., conscious vs. non-conscious) to the more workable categories of reflective and pre-reflective activity. We introduce an ontology of individuation, following the work of Gilbert Simondon, that allow us to see placebo interventions not as originating causal chains, but as modulators and triggers in the regulation of tensions between ongoing embodied and interpersonal processes. We describe these interrelated processes involving looping ef...
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BMC Neuroscience, 2012
Understanding the role of spontaneous activity in cortex is a crucial challenge, since it might b... more Understanding the role of spontaneous activity in cortex is a crucial challenge, since it might be involved in sampling cortical states and in the preparation of the network for rapid responses to external stimuli. However, whether there is also information processing during spontaneous activity is still debated. We asked how much information it is possible to extract from V1 spontaneous activity following visual stimulation. We analyzed multi-electrode (100) recordings in an experiment setup where a drifting grating with 8 possible motion directions was presented for 1s and was followed by a blank period of around 1s. Using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) on a simple independent Poisson model, we found than spontaneous activity during a blank period allowed us to predict the stimulus orientation previously used with an accuracy of around 25% (100/8=12.5% chance level). This result shows that spontaneous activity has in fact information about the preceding stimulus and establish...
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The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life
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Nature Communications
How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? Infor... more How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? Information may be distributed roughly evenly across neuronal populations, so that total information scales linearly with the number of recorded neurons. Alternatively, the neural code might be highly redundant, meaning that total information saturates. Here we investigate how sensory information about the direction of a moving visual stimulus is distributed across hundreds of simultaneously recorded neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. We show that information scales sublinearly due to correlated noise in these populations. We compartmentalized noise correlations into information-limiting and nonlimiting components, then extrapolate to predict how information grows with even larger neural populations. We predict that tens of thousands of neurons encode 95% of the information about visual stimulus direction, much less than the number of neurons in primary visual cortex. These findings sugg...
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Nature Communications
How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? Infor... more How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? Information may be distributed roughly evenly across neuronal populations, so that total information scales linearly with the number of recorded neurons. Alternatively, the neural code might be highly redundant, meaning that total information saturates. Here we investigate how sensory information about the direction of a moving visual stimulus is distributed across hundreds of simultaneously recorded neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. We show that information scales sublinearly due to correlated noise in these populations. We compartmentalized noise correlations into information-limiting and nonlimiting components, then extrapolate to predict how information grows with even larger neural populations. We predict that tens of thousands of neurons encode 95% of the information about visual stimulus direction, much less than the number of neurons in primary visual cortex. These findings sugg...
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Due to their complexity and variability, placebo effects remain controversial. We suggest this is... more Due to their complexity and variability, placebo effects remain controversial. We suggest this is also due to a set of problematic assumptions (dualism, reductionism, individualism, passivity). We critically assess current explanations and empirical evidence, and propose an alternative theoretical framework-the enactive approach to life and mind-based on recent developments in embodied cognitive science. We review core enactive concepts such as embodiment, agency, and sense-making. Following these ideas we suggest moving from binary distinctions (e.g., conscious vs. nonconscious) to the more workable categories of reflective and pre-reflective activity. We introduce an ontology of individuation, following the work of Gilbert Simondon, that allows us to see placebo interventions not as originating causal chains, but as modulators and triggers in the regulation of tensions between ongoing embodied and interpersonal processes. We describe these interrelated processes involving looping effects through three intertwined dimensions of embodiment: organic, sensorimotor, and intersubjective. Finally, we defend the need to investigate therapeutic interactions in terms of participatory sense-making, going beyond the identification of individual social traits (e.g., empathy, trust) that contribute to placebo effects. We discuss resonances and differences between the enactive proposal, popular explanations such as expectations and conditioning, and other approaches based on meaning responses and phenomenological/ecological ideas.
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Papers by Iñigo R . Arandia