Abstract
Freestanding films of highly pure iron and gold multilayers were fabricated and characterized for their intended use as biodegradable implant materials. These samples were deposited using magnetron sputtering on unheated substrates. This technology allows the combination of various non-compounding materials. After annealing for 2 h at 685 °C and 850 °C, respectively to homogenize the multilayer, the microstructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Due to the annealing, the multilayered microstructure converts into a new multiphase system consisting of an iron matrix and two different kinds of gold morphologies: segregations along grain boundaries and nanosized core–shell like precipitates.
The authors want to thank the DFG for the financial support.
References
[1] R. Erbel, C. Di Mario, J. Bartunek, J. Bonnier, B. de Bruyne, F.R. Eberli, P. Erne, M. Haude, B. Heublein, M. Horrigan, C. Ilsley, D. Böse, J. Koolen, T.F. Lüscher, N. Weissman, R. Waksman: Lancet 369 (2007) 1869–1875. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60853-810.1016/S0140-6736(07)60853-8Search in Google Scholar
[2] M. Moravej, D. Mantovani: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12 (2011) 4250–4270. DOI:10.3390/ijms1207425010.3390/ijms12074250Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[3] G. Mani, M.D. Feldman, D. Patel, C. Mauli Agrawal: Biomaterials 28 (2007) 1689–1710. DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.04210.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.042Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] B. O’Brien, W. Carroll: Acta Biomater. 5 (2009) 945–958. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.01210.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] H. Hermawan, D. Dubé, D. Mantovani: Acta Biomater. 6 (2010) 1693–1697. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.00610.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] M. Peuster, P. Wohlsein, M. Brügmann, M. Ehlerding, K. Seidler, C. Fink, H. Brauer, A. Fischer, G. Hausdorf: Heart 86 (2001) 563–569. DOI:10.1136/heart.86.5.56310.1136/heart.86.5.563Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[7] B. Heublein, R. Rohde, V. Kaese, M. Niemeyer, W. Hartung, A. Haverich: Heart 89 (2003) 651–656. DOI:10.1136/heart.89.6.65110.1136/heart.89.6.651Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[8] M.P. Staiger, A.M. Pietak, J. Huadmai, G. Dias: Biomaterials 27 (2006) 1728–1734. DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.00310.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] R. Waksman: J. Interv. Cardiol. 19 5 (2006) 414–421. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2006.00187.x10.1111/j.1540-8183.2006.00187.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] S. Zhu, N. Huang, L. Xu, Y. Zhang, H. Liu, H. Sun, Y. Leng: Mater. Sci. Eng. C29 (2009) 1589–1592. DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2008.08.03710.1016/j.msec.2008.08.037Search in Google Scholar
[11] A. Purnama, H. Hermawan, J. Couet, D. Mantovani: Acta Biomater. 6 (2010) 1800–1807. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.02710.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.027Search in Google Scholar
[12] M. Peuster, C. Hesse, T. Schloo, C. Fink, P. Beerbaum, C. von Schnakenburg: Biomaterials 27 (2006) 4955–4962. DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.02910.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.029Search in Google Scholar
[13] H. Hermawan, D. Dubé, D. Mantovani: Adv. Mater. Res. Vol. 15–17 (2007) 107–112.Search in Google Scholar
[14] M. Schinhammer, A.C. Hänzi, J.F. Löffler, P. Uggowitzer: Acta Biomater. 6 (2006) 1705–1713. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.03910.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.039Search in Google Scholar
[15] B. Liu, Y.F. Zheng: Acta Biomater. 7 (2011) 1407–1420. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.00110.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.001Search in Google Scholar
[16] H. Hermawan, A. Purnama, D. Dube, J. Couet, D. Mantovani: Acta Biomater. 6 (2006) 1825–1860.Search in Google Scholar
[17] H. Hermawan, D. Mantovani: Acta Biomater. 9 (2013) 8585–8592. DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.02710.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.027Search in Google Scholar
[18] B. Predel, in: O. Madelung (Ed.) Landolt-Börnstein, Group IV – physical chemistry, Vol 5a, Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1998), 362–365.Search in Google Scholar
[19] C. Borchers, P. Troche, C. Herweg, J. Hoffmann: J. Mater. Sci. 37 (2002) 731–736. DOI:10.1023/A:101388362960510.1023/A:1013883629605Search in Google Scholar
[20] D. Amram, E. Rabkin: Acta Mater. 61 (2013) 4113–4126. DOI:10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.03810.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.038Search in Google Scholar
[21] H. Ebert, J. Abart, J. Voitländer: Z. Phys. Chem. 144 (1985) 223–229. DOI:10.1524/zpch.1985.144.144.22310.1524/zpch.1985.144.144.223Search in Google Scholar
[22] G. Neumann, C. Tuijn: Self-Diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Pure Metals: Handbook of Experimental Data, Pergamon imprint of Elsevier, Oxford (2009).Search in Google Scholar
[23] M. Ellner, K. Kolatschek, B. Predel: J. Less-Common Met. (1991) 170, 171–184. DOI:10.1016/0022-5088(91)90062-910.1016/0022-5088(91)90062-9Search in Google Scholar
[24] K.H.J. Buschow, P.G. Van Engen, R. Jongebreur: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 38 (1983) 1–22. DOI:10.1016/0304-8853(83)90097-510.1016/0304-8853(83)90097-5Search in Google Scholar
[25] R.G. Chaudhuri, S. Paria: Chem. Rev. 112 (2012) 2373–2433. DOI:10.1021/cr100449n10.1021/cr100449nSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[26] A. Gautam, F.C.J.M. van Veggel: J. Mater. Chem. B 1 (2013) 5186. DOI:10.1039/c3tb20738b10.1039/c3tb20738bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[27] X. Cai, C.L. Wang, H.H. Chen, C.C. Chien, S.F. Lai, Y.Y. Chen, T.E. Hua, I.M. Kempson, Y. Hwu, C.S. Yang, G. Margaritondo: Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 335604. DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/21/1/01570710.1088/0957-4484/21/1/015707Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[28] Q. Li, Y. Cao: Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanorods, Nanorods, Orhan Yalcin (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0209-0, InTech publishing. DOI:10.5772/3588010.5772/35880Search in Google Scholar
[29] C.J. Johnson, E. Dujardin, S.A. Davis, C.J. Murphy, S. Mann: J. Mater. Chem. 12 (2002) 1765–1770. DOI:10.1039/b200953f10.1039/b200953fSearch in Google Scholar
© 2015 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
