
Lars Kröger
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Big navigable canals – fossata magna – are crucial parts of the European harbour network in the 1st millennium AD. By means of canals, site conditions at transition zones of the transportation network have been artificially modified. Water depths and fairway width of canals reflect specific requirements regarding the accessibility of inland harbours and waterways in the adjacent transport zones. These requirements significantly depend on the size of ships. In our study, we present a supra-regional and diachronic comparative approach integrating canal parameters and ship findings. Our pivotal point is the Fossa Carolina or fossatum magnum (Germany), constructed in 793 AD to bridge the main European watershed. The 8th century Kanhave canal was cut through an isthmus on Samsø Island (Denmark) to avoid a lengthy detour and to offer direct access to a safe natural harbour. The Fossa Corbulonis, built around 50 AD by roman military, bridges the watershed between the rivers Waal and Maas (Netherlands) to avoid a dangerous coastal route.
inland waterways seem to be barely taken into account in current investigations. Too often scientists have to rely on an outdated state of research, but in fact several findings have lately been re-edited and presented. This article provides an updated look at the subject of inland navigation in the Early and High Middle Ages and focuses especially on current publications or those that are difficult to obtain. Further, an overview on the state of research in neighbouring countries is offered, thereby presenting a fuller view of the subject’s potential.
Big navigable canals – fossata magna – are crucial parts of the European harbour network in the 1st millennium AD. By means of canals, site conditions at transition zones of the transportation network have been artificially modified. Water depths and fairway width of canals reflect specific requirements regarding the accessibility of inland harbours and waterways in the adjacent transport zones. These requirements significantly depend on the size of ships. In our study, we present a supra-regional and diachronic comparative approach integrating canal parameters and ship findings. Our pivotal point is the Fossa Carolina or fossatum magnum (Germany), constructed in 793 AD to bridge the main European watershed. The 8th century Kanhave canal was cut through an isthmus on Samsø Island (Denmark) to avoid a lengthy detour and to offer direct access to a safe natural harbour. The Fossa Corbulonis, built around 50 AD by roman military, bridges the watershed between the rivers Waal and Maas (Netherlands) to avoid a dangerous coastal route.
inland waterways seem to be barely taken into account in current investigations. Too often scientists have to rely on an outdated state of research, but in fact several findings have lately been re-edited and presented. This article provides an updated look at the subject of inland navigation in the Early and High Middle Ages and focuses especially on current publications or those that are difficult to obtain. Further, an overview on the state of research in neighbouring countries is offered, thereby presenting a fuller view of the subject’s potential.
an opportunity to carry out detailed analyses and establish a typology. It would seem that the log boats were parts of
medieval and early-modern ferry constructions. The reasons for this conjecture are explained and on-going research on
log-boat ferries in Central Europe is summarized. The significance of ferries in infrastructure research is also discussed.
Wasserfahrzeuge stellen im Reigen der unterschiedlichen Denkmaltypen einen Sonderfall dar. Als Werkzeuge des Transportes und der Kommunikation im weitesten Sinne bildeten sie in vielen Regionen den Hauptträger von Handel und Austausch. Das von Ihnen genutzte Element Wasser, mit all seinen Vorteilen und auch Tücken, stellte einzigartige Herausforderungen und Innovationszwänge an Bauweisen und Nutzergruppen.
Gesunkene Schiffe besitzen als geschlossene Fundkomplexe, kombiniert mit guten Erhaltungsbedingungen, einen hohen wissenschaftlichen Wert. Gleichzeitig stellen sie unter der Wasseroberfläche liegend ein Problem für die Denkmalerfassung, wie auch Dokumentation und Sicherung dar, so dass wissenschaftliche Ausgrabungen von Wasserfahrzeugen eine Ausnahme bilden; nicht nur im Meer, sondern auch an/in Binnengewässern.
Anders geartet, aber ebenso problematisch, ist die denkmalpflegerische Betreuung von noch erhaltenen Schiffen. Wasserfahrzeuge sind in der Regel für eine Nutzung von nur wenigen Jahrzehnten gebaut, um anschließend abgewrackt zu werden. Der Erhalt dieser Objekte über einen längeren Zeitraum ist kompliziert und kostenintensiv. Sowohl die Erfassung, Konservierung und Entwicklung moderner Nutzungskonzepte benötigt eine umfassende Professionalisierung aller Beteiligter. Besonders mit Blick auf noch aktive Fahrzeuge treten große Diskrepanzen zwischen dem Erhalt der originalen Substanz, einem tragfähigen Nutzungskonzept und hochkomplexen Sicherheitsanforderungen zu Tage.
Der Vortrag hat das Ziel einen schlaglichtartigen Einblick in die verschiedenen Aspekte des Umgangs mit Wasserfahrzeugen anhand von unterschiedlichen Projekten des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseum zu ermöglichen und dabei bestehende Fragestellungen und Problemfelder offen anzusprechen.
9. Deutscher Archäologiekongress des Deutschen Verbandes für Archäologie und der
Deutschen Altertumsverbände, Session "Arbeitskreis Spätantike und Frühes Mittelalter", Mainz, 7.7.2017.
and shipbuilding traditions, because these parameters determined the hydro engineers decisions for the specific shape of each canal. In our study, we present a supra-regional and diachronic comparative approach to selected artificial waterways and their contribution to harbour construction. Our case studies cover different transport zones (fluvial and maritime) and periods (roman and medieval). We will compare selected parameters of the canals and contrast them with ship findings of the correspondent transport zones and periods.
Junctions between Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea