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Greg Fridman

There are many wound dressings available for clinical use that are constructed using alginate because it is soft, inert, and capable of absorbing large amounts of exudate relative to its size. Researchers have also demonstrated that... more
There are many wound dressings available for clinical use that are constructed using alginate because it is soft, inert, and capable of absorbing large amounts of exudate relative to its size. Researchers have also demonstrated that calcium alginate dressings have hemostatic and bacteriastatic properties.
Abstract: Non-thermal plasma is now being widely considered for various medical applications. However, understanding of interaction between plasma and cells is lacking. We investigated the possibility that effects of the non-thermal... more
Abstract: Non-thermal plasma is now being widely considered for various medical applications. However, understanding of interaction between plasma and cells is lacking. We investigated the possibility that effects of the non-thermal plasma treatment can penetrate through cell membranes. The results indicate that plasma treatment at low power produces DNA double strand breaks in mammalian cells, suggesting plasma penetrates the cells.
Abstract Method of biochemical patterning which allows for micro-and nano-scale resolution on nonplanar substrates is presented. Utilizing this method, bio-molecules (including DNA, proteins, and enzymes) can be delivered to charged... more
Abstract Method of biochemical patterning which allows for micro-and nano-scale resolution on nonplanar substrates is presented. Utilizing this method, bio-molecules (including DNA, proteins, and enzymes) can be delivered to charged locations on surfaces by charged water buffer droplets. Charging of water droplets is accomplished using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. DBD was effectively stabilized in the presence of high concentration of micron-size water droplets.
Over the past few years, new non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) devices have emerged with several important applications in medicine.
Non-Thermal Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) Plasma in Direct Contact with Living Tissue The focus of this work is direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to human tissue, where this tissue... more
Non-Thermal Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) Plasma in Direct Contact with Living Tissue The focus of this work is direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to human tissue, where this tissue serves as a second active electrode. Such use has significant advantages over the existing technologies. Ultra Violet (UV) radiation, especially high energy Vacuum UV (VUV), does not have good penetration depth in air and VUV exists only in the discharge area.
Abstract: Sterilization of living animal and human tissue is shown to be achieved with non-thermal atmospheric pressure Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma. Complete sterilization of skin is shown to be achieved in... more
Abstract: Sterilization of living animal and human tissue is shown to be achieved with non-thermal atmospheric pressure Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma. Complete sterilization of skin is shown to be achieved in under 10 seconds while no thermal or chemical damage to the tissue is observed in over 10 minutes of treatment. Additionally, a differential skin toxicity trial on a SKH1 mouse model is presented. Keywords: dielectric barrier discharge, non-thermal plasma, sterilization, disinfection.
Abstract We demonstrate the ability of non-thermal plasma to promote blood coagulation and tissue sterilization in under 15 seconds of treatment. We demonstrate no gross (visible) or microscopic damage to tissue in as much as 5 minutes of... more
Abstract We demonstrate the ability of non-thermal plasma to promote blood coagulation and tissue sterilization in under 15 seconds of treatment. We demonstrate no gross (visible) or microscopic damage to tissue in as much as 5 minutes of plasma treatment. This procedure would be safe for patients since there are no exposed electrodes, discharge is cold, and current is low.
Abstract: Melanoma cancer cell line (ATCC A2058) was treated in vitro by Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) plasma. At low treatment doses, immediately following treatment cells remained intact and appeared healthy... more
Abstract: Melanoma cancer cell line (ATCC A2058) was treated in vitro by Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) plasma. At low treatment doses, immediately following treatment cells remained intact and appeared healthy but developed apoptosis (programmed cell death) 24 hours following the treatment.
Abstract: The authors report a novel nanosecond pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) for sterilization of living human or animal tissue and other medical applications. In the literature, several discharges have been reported with... more
Abstract: The authors report a novel nanosecond pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) for sterilization of living human or animal tissue and other medical applications. In the literature, several discharges have been reported with pulse durations in the order of hundreds of nanoseconds durations or more. In this study, a new pulsed DBD has been developed with only few tens of nanosecond pulse duration working uniformly over large range of electrode gap distance in air under atmospheric pressure.
Abstract: Mechanisms of blood coagulation by non-thermal plasma are investigated. This discharge promotes rapid blood coagulation by enhancing natural coagulation processes. Selectivity of this non-thermal discharge in treatment of... more
Abstract: Mechanisms of blood coagulation by non-thermal plasma are investigated. This discharge promotes rapid blood coagulation by enhancing natural coagulation processes. Selectivity of this non-thermal discharge in treatment of various blood proteins is discussed. We demonstrate selective conversion of fibrinogen as one of the potential mechanisms by which non-thermal plasma initiates blood coagulation. Keywords: Non-thermal plasma, Dielectric barrier discharge, Blood coagulation.
This talk concerns the dynamics of such mechanical systems in which the elements of the system may undergo impacts with each other. It has been observed that in such systems a periodic orbit abruptly loses stability and a large-amplitude... more
This talk concerns the dynamics of such mechanical systems in which the elements of the system may undergo impacts with each other. It has been observed that in such systems a periodic orbit abruptly loses stability and a large-amplitude chaotic vibration develops as the variation of a parameter drives the system from a non-impacting motion to an impacting motion. The instability is known to be induced by grazing or zero-velocity impacts.
Abstract Observations of atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge are conducted through a water-filled electrode in atmospheric-pressure argon gas flow. Quasi-symmetric self-organized discharge filaments were observed. The... more
Abstract Observations of atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge are conducted through a water-filled electrode in atmospheric-pressure argon gas flow. Quasi-symmetric self-organized discharge filaments were observed. The streamers moved with the gas flow, and the migration velocity increased with increasing gas velocity.
Abstract. We consider a hysteresis operator that arises as a three state generalization of a bi-stable relay. Basic properties and a geometric interpretation of the three-state relay are considered. Analogously to Preisach operator, which... more
Abstract. We consider a hysteresis operator that arises as a three state generalization of a bi-stable relay. Basic properties and a geometric interpretation of the three-state relay are considered. Analogously to Preisach operator, which can be introduced as an aggregation of all possible non-ideal relays, we consider a” Super-Preisach” operator, that is an aggregation of all possible three-state relays.
ABSTRACT The Flexible Local Approximation MEthod (FLAME) proposed recently by one of the authors is shown to be efficient for the simulation of long-range electromagnetic interactions between nanoparticles. Other promising applications of... more
ABSTRACT The Flexible Local Approximation MEthod (FLAME) proposed recently by one of the authors is shown to be efficient for the simulation of long-range electromagnetic interactions between nanoparticles. Other promising applications of FLAME include charge or dipole interactions in explicit and implicit solvent models in macromolecular simulation. Mathematically, FLAME is a class of difference schemes that admit desirable accurate local approximations.
Abstract Mechanisms of blood coagulation by direct contact of nonthermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma are investigated. This paper shows that no significant changes occur in the pH or Ca 2+ concentration... more
Abstract Mechanisms of blood coagulation by direct contact of nonthermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma are investigated. This paper shows that no significant changes occur in the pH or Ca 2+ concentration of blood during discharge treatment. Thermal effects and electric field effects are also shown to be negligible.
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma applied directly to living tissues is now being widely considered for various clinical applications. One of the key questions that arise in this type of topical... more
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma applied directly to living tissues is now being widely considered for various clinical applications. One of the key questions that arise in this type of topical treatment is if the skin remains undamaged after non-thermal plasma treatment. The results from the previous rodent model provided strong evidence for the ability of non-thermal plasma to sterilize the surface of the tissue without any thermal damage to the tissue.
Thermal plasmas and lasers have been widely used in medicine to cut, ablate and cauterize tissues through heating; in contrast, non-thermal plasma produces no heat, so its effects can be selective. In order to exploit the potential for... more
Thermal plasmas and lasers have been widely used in medicine to cut, ablate and cauterize tissues through heating; in contrast, non-thermal plasma produces no heat, so its effects can be selective. In order to exploit the potential for clinical applications, including wound healing, sterilization, blood coagulation, and cancer treatment, a mechanistic understanding of the interaction of non-thermal plasma with living tissues is required.
Abstract It is demonstrated that direct exposure of deionized water to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma creates an acid (pH≈ 2) and is in fact, a strong oxidizer (providing, eg, peroxidation of a cell membrane). This study... more
Abstract It is demonstrated that direct exposure of deionized water to a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma creates an acid (pH≈ 2) and is in fact, a strong oxidizer (providing, eg, peroxidation of a cell membrane). This study addresses the question: which acid is created in water by plasma treatment. Two major possibilities are considered: nitric/nitrous acid and an acid which consist of a hydrogen cation (H+) and a superoxide anion (equation image), which, for the lack of a better term, we call plasma acid.
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma may provide a novel approach to treat malignancies via induction of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of DBD plasma to... more
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma may provide a novel approach to treat malignancies via induction of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of DBD plasma to induce apoptosis in melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were exposed to plasma at doses that did not induce necrosis, and cell viability and apoptotic activity were evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion test, Annexin-V/PI staining, caspase-3 cleavage, and TUNEL® analysis.
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is now being widely developed for various clinical applications such as skin sterilization, blood coagulation, cancer treatment, angiogenesis and wound healing among others. However,... more
Abstract Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is now being widely developed for various clinical applications such as skin sterilization, blood coagulation, cancer treatment, angiogenesis and wound healing among others. However, understanding of mechanism of interaction between non-thermal plasma and mammalian cells is lacking.
Abstract Thermal plasma discharges have been widely used in the past for treatment of living human and animal tissue. However, extensive thermal damage and tissue desiccation occurs due to extreme temperatures. Some solutions have been... more
Abstract Thermal plasma discharges have been widely used in the past for treatment of living human and animal tissue. However, extensive thermal damage and tissue desiccation occurs due to extreme temperatures. Some solutions have been offered where the temperature is lowered by short current pulses, addition of noble gases, or significant decrease in the size of treatment electrodes.
Abstract Initiation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important issue in cancer treatment as cancer cells frequently have acquired the ability to block apoptosis and thus are more resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeted... more
Abstract Initiation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important issue in cancer treatment as cancer cells frequently have acquired the ability to block apoptosis and thus are more resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeted and perhaps selective destruction of cancerous tissue is desirable for many reasons, ranging from the enhancement of or aid to current medical methods to problems currently lacking a solution, ie, lung cancer.
In physical sciences,''plasma''refers to the forth state of matter; while in medicine and biology plasma is known as the non-cellular fluid component of blood.
Abstract: Our experimental results indicate that direct exposure of deionized water to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma creates an acid (pH≈ 2) and a strong oxidizer. This study addresses the question: which acid is created in... more
Abstract: Our experimental results indicate that direct exposure of deionized water to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma creates an acid (pH≈ 2) and a strong oxidizer. This study addresses the question: which acid is created in water by plasma treatment. Two major possibilities are considered: nitric/nitrous acid and an acid which consist of hydrogen cation (H+) and superoxide anion (O2-), which for the lack of a better term we call plasma acid.
Page 1. NON-THERMAL PLASMA TREATMENT ENHANCES PROLIFERATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS N Sameer Kalghatgi AJ Drexel Plasma Institute Alisa Morss, Alexander Fridman, Gary Friedman D l U i it Phil dl hi PA USA Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA,... more
Page 1. NON-THERMAL PLASMA TREATMENT ENHANCES PROLIFERATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS N Sameer Kalghatgi AJ Drexel Plasma Institute Alisa Morss, Alexander Fridman, Gary Friedman D l U i it Phil dl hi PA USA Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2nd International Conference on Plasma Medicine 2 International Conference on Plasma Medicine Mar 16th – 20th 2009 San Antonio, Texas, USA Page 2.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma is currently being investigated for a wide range of clinical applications, including skin sterilization, blood coagulation [1, 2], malignant cell apoptosis [1], and wound healing [1]. However, the effect... more
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma is currently being investigated for a wide range of clinical applications, including skin sterilization, blood coagulation [1, 2], malignant cell apoptosis [1], and wound healing [1]. However, the effect of non-thermal plasma on the vasculature is unclear. Blood vessels are affected during plasma treatment of all tissues, and vessels themselves may be an important potential target for clinical plasma therapy.
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress leads to membrane lipid peroxidation, which yields products causing variable degrees of detrimental oxidative modifications in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key regulators in this process and... more
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress leads to membrane lipid peroxidation, which yields products causing variable degrees of detrimental oxidative modifications in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key regulators in this process and induce lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli. Application of nonthermal (cold) plasma is increasingly used for inactivation of surface contaminants.
Abstract Flocculation of nonmagnetic colloidal particles in ferrofluid while in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field is investigated experimentally. Magnetic nanoparticles in ferrofluid create magnetic interactions between... more
Abstract Flocculation of nonmagnetic colloidal particles in ferrofluid while in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field is investigated experimentally. Magnetic nanoparticles in ferrofluid create magnetic interactions between nonmagnetic colloidal particles. It is demonstrated that nonmagnetic particles can be fractionated by size much more efficiently in the presence of these magnetic interactions
A new method for locally targeted drug delivery is proposed that employs magnetic implants placed directly in the cardiovascular system to attract injected magnetic carriers. Theoretical simulations and experimental results support the... more
A new method for locally targeted drug delivery is proposed that employs magnetic implants placed directly in the cardiovascular system to attract injected magnetic carriers. Theoretical simulations and experimental results support the assumption that using magnetic implants in combination with externally applied magnetic field will optimize the delivery of magnetic drug to selected sites within a subject.
Abstract. Here we present the results of an experimental study of the effect of ions produced in a dc corona discharge on inactivation of bacteria on the surface of agarose gel. Both positive and negative corona discharges in various... more
Abstract. Here we present the results of an experimental study of the effect of ions produced in a dc corona discharge on inactivation of bacteria on the surface of agarose gel. Both positive and negative corona discharges in various gases at different humidities were studied. The measurements in air, O 2, N 2, Ar and He mixtures show that there is no inactivation in pure N 2, pure O 2 and an N 2–H 2 O mixture.
Abstract We have developed a method of biochemical patterning which allows for micro and nano-scale resolution on non-planar substrates. In this method, bio molecules (including DNA) are delivered to charged locations on surfaces by... more
Abstract We have developed a method of biochemical patterning which allows for micro and nano-scale resolution on non-planar substrates. In this method, bio molecules (including DNA) are delivered to charged locations on surfaces by charged water buffer droplets. Charging of water droplets is accomplished using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma. DBD was effectively stabilized in the presence of high concentration of micron-size water droplets.
Abstract The drug-eluting stent's increasingly frequent occurrence late stage thrombosis have created a need for new strategies for intervention in coronary artery disease. This paper demonstrates further development of our minimally... more
Abstract The drug-eluting stent's increasingly frequent occurrence late stage thrombosis have created a need for new strategies for intervention in coronary artery disease. This paper demonstrates further development of our minimally invasive, targeted drug delivery system that uses induced magnetism to administer repeatable and patient specific dosages of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the human body.
ABSTRACT A novel self-aligned “soft masking” method that is compatible with traditional photolithographic processes is demonstrated. This method uses a suspension of ultra-fine iron oxide grains (ferrofluid) to protect or de-protect... more
ABSTRACT A novel self-aligned “soft masking” method that is compatible with traditional photolithographic processes is demonstrated. This method uses a suspension of ultra-fine iron oxide grains (ferrofluid) to protect or de-protect selected areas of a magnetically patterned substrate according to a programmable sequence. Automatic mask formation and registration is controlled by ferromagnetic alignment marks patterned on a substrate.
The ability of superparamagnetic colloidal particles to induce phase transformation in the presence of external magnetic fields has been harnessed in many biomedical applications, including prosthetics [1], targeted drug delivery [2] and... more
The ability of superparamagnetic colloidal particles to induce phase transformation in the presence of external magnetic fields has been harnessed in many biomedical applications, including prosthetics [1], targeted drug delivery [2] and anti-angiogenesis strategies [3, 4].
Abstract Vascularization plays a key role in processes such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Non-thermal plasma, which primarily produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), has recently emerged as an efficient tool in medical... more
Abstract Vascularization plays a key role in processes such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Non-thermal plasma, which primarily produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), has recently emerged as an efficient tool in medical applications including blood coagulation, sterilization and malignant cell apoptosis. Liquids and porcine aortic endothelial cells were treated with a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma in vitro.
Abstract: As a solution to chemically and thermally destructive sterilization methods currently used for spacecraft, non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas are used to treat surfaces inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Deinococcus... more
Abstract: As a solution to chemically and thermally destructive sterilization methods currently used for spacecraft, non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas are used to treat surfaces inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Deinococcus radiodurans. Evidence of significant morphological changes and reduction in viability due to plasma exposure will be presented, including a 4-log reduction of B. subtilis after 2 minutes of dielectric barrier discharge treatment.
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is now being widely developed for various applications like surface sterilization,[3–9] cell proliferation,[10] modulation of cell attachment,[11–13] blood coagulation,[14, 15] apoptosis,[16, 17]... more
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is now being widely developed for various applications like surface sterilization,[3–9] cell proliferation,[10] modulation of cell attachment,[11–13] blood coagulation,[14, 15] apoptosis,[16, 17] enhancement of cell transfection,[18] etc. Previously, we have shown using mammalian cells in culture that nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has dosedependent effects from increasing cell proliferation to inducing apoptosis.
One of the major challenges in engineering thick, complex tissues such as cardiac muscle, is the need to pre-vascularize the engineered tissue in vitro to enable its efficient integration with host tissue upon implantation. Herein, we... more
One of the major challenges in engineering thick, complex tissues such as cardiac muscle, is the need to pre-vascularize the engineered tissue in vitro to enable its efficient integration with host tissue upon implantation. Herein, we explored new magnetic alginate composite scaffolds to provide means of physical stimulation to cells.
Abstract The possibility of locomotion of a pair of disjoint spherical microbeads suspended in fluid is investigated experimentally. The beads interact magnetically and their nonreciprocal relative movements are coordinated using external... more
Abstract The possibility of locomotion of a pair of disjoint spherical microbeads suspended in fluid is investigated experimentally. The beads interact magnetically and their nonreciprocal relative movements are coordinated using external uniform magnetic field. Locomotion is studied and demonstrated for cyclic swirling movements of the beads which mimics behavior often observed in bacterial swarms.
Page 1. NON-THERMAL PLASMA ENHANCES ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION THROUGH FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-2 RELEASE Sameer Kalghatgi AJ Drexel Plasma Institute Alisa Morss, Alexander Fridman, Gary Friedman Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA,... more
Page 1. NON-THERMAL PLASMA ENHANCES ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION THROUGH FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-2 RELEASE Sameer Kalghatgi AJ Drexel Plasma Institute Alisa Morss, Alexander Fridman, Gary Friedman Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 36th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) MAY 31ST – JUN 4TH 2009, SAN DIEGO, CA, USA Page 2. Dramatic healing has been shown in non-thermal plasma treatment of diabetic ulcerative wounds.
Abstract We test the predictive power of first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams using simulations of random magnets. In particular, we compute a histogram of the switching fields of the underlying microscopic switching units along the... more
Abstract We test the predictive power of first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams using simulations of random magnets. In particular, we compute a histogram of the switching fields of the underlying microscopic switching units along the major hysteresis loop, and compare to the corresponding FORC diagram. We find qualitative agreement between the switching-field histogram and the FORC diagram, yet differences are noticeable.
Abstract The ability to safely and effectively deliver high dosages of drugs to specific sites in the human body is fundamental to the advancement of drug delivery research. Drugs with proven effectiveness under in vitro investigation... more
Abstract The ability to safely and effectively deliver high dosages of drugs to specific sites in the human body is fundamental to the advancement of drug delivery research. Drugs with proven effectiveness under in vitro investigation often reach a major roadblock under in vivo testing due to a lack of an effective delivery strategy. In addition, many clinical scenarios require delivery of agents that are therapeutic at the desired delivery point, but otherwise systemically toxic.
Introduction In recent years, the range of atmospheric pressure applications for medical and biological purposes is growing fast, and a new field of Plasma Medicine was formed [1-2]. Various types of plasmas, both thermal and non-thermal,... more
Introduction In recent years, the range of atmospheric pressure applications for medical and biological purposes is growing fast, and a new field of Plasma Medicine was formed [1-2]. Various types of plasmas, both thermal and non-thermal, are now widely studied for the purposes of blood coagulation, sterilization of living tissues, treatment of various wounds and burns, gastroenterological diseases, and even cancer. This opens up new horizons in both medical and physical sciences, as well as in biomedical and electrical engineering.
Abstract Summary form only given. Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma discharge has been observed to have strong antimicrobial properties. In an effort to understand the mechanism of plasma sterilization, a limited and basic kinetic... more
Abstract Summary form only given. Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma discharge has been observed to have strong antimicrobial properties. In an effort to understand the mechanism of plasma sterilization, a limited and basic kinetic model was made as a first step toward a fully descriptive and detailed model. The goal for this phenomenological estimation was to identify biologically active components of plasma discharge that were influential on the exposure time required for complete sterilization. This estimation is currently capable ...
Abstract Non-thermal treatment of wounds has been often mentioned as one of the most promising applications of plasma in medicine. Possibility of reducing bacterial load with plasma treatment has been suggested by some experiments on... more
Abstract Non-thermal treatment of wounds has been often mentioned as one of the most promising applications of plasma in medicine. Possibility of reducing bacterial load with plasma treatment has been suggested by some experiments on fresh meat, cadavers and living mice. Initial clinical results with human patients have also been reported. Animal experiments have been carried out to test toxicity of some plasma treatments. Possibility of enhanced growth of cells following some plasma treatment has been suggested through ...
THE USES of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure ion-ized gases and high-power submicrosecond electric field pulses in the biomedical and environmental fields have been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers worldwide.... more
THE USES of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure ion-ized gases and high-power submicrosecond electric field pulses in the biomedical and environmental fields have been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers worldwide. Successful applications of nonthermal ionized gases and electromagnetic field (both wideband and narrow band) exposures for tasks ranging from decontamination, sterilization, and food preservation to cellular manipulation, cancer treatment, fieldassisted drug delivery, and tissue ...