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2021, Volume 4, Issue 1: 1-13. Doi: 10.3934/mfc.2020022

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Word sense disambiguation based on stretchable matching of the semantic template

1.
School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
2.
Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

^* Corresponding author: Degen Huang
^* Corresponding author: Degen Huang

Received: January 2020

Revised: August 2020

Early access: September 2020

Published: February 2021

The second author is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020AAA0108004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under (No. U1936109, 61672127)

Abstract / Introduction Full Text(HTML) Figure(15) / Table(3) Related Papers Cited by

Abstract

It is evident that the traditional hard matching of a fixed-length template cannot satisfy the nearly indefinite variations in natural language. This issue mainly results from three major problems of the traditional matching mode: 1) in matching with a short template, the context of natural language cannot be effectively captured; 2) in matching with a long template, serious data sparsity will lead to a low success rate of template matching (i.e., low recall); and 3) due to a lack of flexible matching ability, traditional hard matching is more prone to failure. Therefore, this paper proposed a novel method of stretchable matching of the semantic template (SMOST) to deal with the above problems. We have applied this method to word sense disambiguation in the natural language processing field. In the same case of using only the SemCor corpus, the result of our system is very close to the best result of existing systems, which shows the effectiveness of new proposed method.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 68T50, 68T20; Secondary: 68U15.

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Figure 1. One-to-one excellent matching

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Figure 2. One-to-one poor matching

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Figure 3. Good matching with stretched template (two random words in test sentence)

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Figure 4. Good matching with stretched template (two random words in template)

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Figure 5. Good matching with stretched template (two random words and one obstructing word in test sentence)

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Figure 6. Words of a test sentence and their sense items

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Figure 7. A template indexed by the word in a test sentence

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Figure 8. Matching all word senses in a test sentence for all word senses in the template

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Figure 9. Ordering of the node numbers of all matched word senses in a test sentence

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Figure 10. Obtaining the word sense score by the matched node chain

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Figure 11. Obtaining the final word sense score by the max score

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Figure 12. Obtaining the template through word sense instead of word

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Figure 13. Matching a Sense of Word (Algorithm 1)

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Figure 14. Obtaining the Score of a Matched Node Chain (Algorithm 2)

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Figure 15. Obtaining the Final Word Sense (Algorithm 3)

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Table 1. Comparison of F1 scores on our systems with different algorithms on five test sets

Res.	Different algorithms	Sen2	Sen3	Sem07	Sem13	Sem15
SemCor 3.0	SMOST Max.score P1	65.8	63.9	57.6	62.0	65.6
	SMOST Max.score P2	66.3	64.6	57.8	61.7	65.5
	SMOST Max.vote P1	68.0	67.9	59.8	64.2	70.0
	SMOST Max.vote P2	68.8	68.3	60.2	64.2	67.5
	SMOST Max.vote*score P1	67.7	67.1	58.9	64.7	69.2
	SMOST Max.vote*score P2	68.9	68.0	61.1	64.4	66.6

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Table 2. Comparison of F1 scores on several systems using supervised learning method on five test sets

Res.	System	Sen2	Sen3	Sem07	Sem13	Sem15
SemCor 3.0	MFS	65.6	66.0	54.5	63.8	67.1
	IMS baseline(Zhong2010)	70.9	69.3	61.3	65.3	69.5
	BLSTM(Raganato2017)	71.4	68.8	61.8	65.6	69.2
	Seq2Seq(Raganato2017)	68.5	67.9	60.9	64.3	67.3
	SMOST (this paper)	68.9	68.3	61.1	64.7	70.0

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Table 3. Comparison of F1 scores on the systems using template matching method on Sen3 test set

Resource	System	Recall	Precision	F1
multi-res.	SSI (Navigli2004)	68.40	68.50	68.45
	SSI-10words context (Hwang2008)	90.96	57.30	70.31
SemCor2.1	A-RS-10words context(Hwang2008)	56.80	75.53	64.84
+WordNet2.1	SMOST (this paper)	100.0	59.84	74.87

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