2D-URANS Study on the Impact of Relative Diameter on the Flow and Drag Characteristics of Circular Cylinder Arrays
<p>Schematic of the computational domain (not to scale).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Computational grid of the numerical domain: (<b>a</b>) local view; (<b>b</b>) global view.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Comparison of numerical results with experimental measurements for <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.03 (<span class="html-italic">aD</span> = 1.32): (<b>a</b>) longitudinal time-averaged velocity along the <span class="html-italic">y</span> = 0 line; (<b>b</b>) transverse time-averaged velocity along the <span class="html-italic">y</span> = 0.5<span class="html-italic">D</span> line. The shaded area indicates the location of the vegetation patch.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Contour plots of non-dimensional time-averaged longitudinal flow velocity: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.039; (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.07; (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.118; (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Contour plots of non-dimensional time-averaged transverse flow velocity: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.039; (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.07; (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.118; (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Contour plots of near-field non-dimensional turbulent kinetic energy (left) and non-dimensional instantaneous vertical vorticity (right): (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.039; (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.07; (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.118; (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Contour plots of far-field non-dimensional turbulent kinetic energy: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.039; (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.07; (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.118; (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Contour plots of far-field instantaneous non-dimensional vertical vorticity: (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.036; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.05 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.085; (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.039; (<b>e</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>f</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.07; (<b>g</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.097 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.118; (<b>h</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.041; (<b>i</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.05; (<b>j</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 0.16 <span class="html-italic">d</span>/<span class="html-italic">D</span> = 0.064.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Dependence of flow rate through the vegetation patch on (<b>a</b>) vegetation density <span class="html-italic">λ</span> and (<b>b</b>) non-dimensional frontal area <span class="html-italic">aD</span>.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Dependence of (<b>a</b>) array drag coefficient and (<b>b</b>) average cylinder element drag coefficient on vegetation density.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Dependence of (<b>a</b>) array drag coefficient and (<b>b</b>) average cylinder element drag coefficient on non-dimensional frontal area <span class="html-italic">aD</span>.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Longitudinal distribution along the array centerline of (<b>a</b>) time-averaged longitudinal velocity and (<b>b</b>) turbulent kinetic energy. The shaded area indicates the location of the vegetation patch.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Dependence of (<b>a</b>) bleeding flow velocity, (<b>b</b>) velocity in the steady wake region, and (<b>c</b>) length of the steady wake region on non-dimensional frontal area <span class="html-italic">aD</span>.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Governing Equations
2.2. Simulation Setup
2.3. Numerical Methods
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Mean Flow and Turbulent Structures
3.2. Drag Coefficient
3.3. Steady Wake Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CS-S | CS-M | CS-L | CM-S | CM-M | CM-L | CM-XL | CL-S | CL-M | CL-L | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 39 | 20 | 7 | 64 | 39 | 20 | 7 | 95 | 64 | 39 |
λ | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.097 | 0.097 | 0.097 | 0.097 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
d/D | 0.036 | 0.05 | 0.085 | 0.039 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.118 | 0.041 | 0.05 | 0.064 |
aD | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.59 | 2.50 | 1.95 | 1.40 | 0.83 | 3.90 | 3.20 | 2.50 |
Red | 358 | 500 | 845 | 390 | 500 | 698 | 1180 | 411 | 500 | 641 |
0.67 | 0.82 | 1.09 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.65 | 0.87 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.41 | |
0.94 | 0.82 | 0.65 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.02 |
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Liu, M.; Wang, Y.; Gong, Y.; Wang, S. 2D-URANS Study on the Impact of Relative Diameter on the Flow and Drag Characteristics of Circular Cylinder Arrays. Water 2024, 16, 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162264
Liu M, Wang Y, Gong Y, Wang S. 2D-URANS Study on the Impact of Relative Diameter on the Flow and Drag Characteristics of Circular Cylinder Arrays. Water. 2024; 16(16):2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162264
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Mengyang, Yisen Wang, Yiqing Gong, and Shuxia Wang. 2024. "2D-URANS Study on the Impact of Relative Diameter on the Flow and Drag Characteristics of Circular Cylinder Arrays" Water 16, no. 16: 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162264