Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat
<p>A recurrent invasive squamous cell carcinoma on the nasal planum (horizontal arrow) was adjacent the site of a biopsy (vertical arrow) from which high-grade lymphoma of the nasal cavity was diagnosed.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Felis catus Papillomavirus 6 (FcaPV6) genome configuration using metadata. The predicted ORFs are represented by the coloured inner segments. GC content is displayed in blue, percentage nucleotide polymorphism in orange and read coverage in yellow.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Evolutionary relationships of FcaPV6 to other mammalian papillomaviruses, including those previously identified in cats (<span class="html-italic">Felis catus</span>). Those papillomaviruses previously identified in cats are marked with animal symbols and in red, along with their respective genera. FcaPV6 is proposed to fall as part of a proposed new genus. All virus names contain their associated GenBank accession numbers. The tree is rooted using six nonmammalian papillomaviruses that have been removed to improve clarity. All horizontal branch lengths are scaled according to the number of amino acid substitutions per site, and the * denotes nodes with SH-like branch support values >0.95.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Photomicrograph of a nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma that contained FcaPV6 DNA. This biopsy was obtained 20 months prior to the SCC recurrence shown in <a href="#viruses-12-00124-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>. Intense nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining using anti-p16<sup>CDKN2A</sup> protein (p16) antibodies is visible diffusely within the neoplastic cells. There is minimal immunostaining within adjacent non-neoplastic epidermis (arrows). Hematoxylin counterstain.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Clinical Samples
2.2. DNA Sequencing and Virus Discovery
2.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Investigation of Disease Association
2.4.1. DNA Extraction from FFPE SCC Biopsy
2.4.2. Papillomavirus-Specific PCR
2.4.3. p16 Immunostaining
2.4.4. Papillomavirus Consensus PCR
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Identification of Felis Catus Papillomavirus 6
3.2. Genome Characteristics
3.3. Association of FcaPV6 with Squamous Cell Carcinoma
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virus | FcaPV2 | FcaPV1 | FcaPV3 | FcaPV6 | FcaPV5 | FcaPV4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FcaPV2 | 55.7 | 56.8 | 55.2 | 56.1 | 55.1 | |
FcaPV1 | 55.7 | 56.4 | 54.2 | 56.5 | 57.4 | |
FcaPV3 | 56.8 | 56.4 | 66.1 | 62.8 | 63.8 | |
FcaPV6 | 55.2 | 54.2 | 66.1 | 59.6 | 60.5 | |
FcaPV5 | 56.1 | 56.5 | 62.8 | 59.6 | 64.4 | |
FcaPV4 | 55.1 | 57.4 | 63.8 | 60.5 | 64.4 |
ORF | Start | End | Length (nt) | Length (aa) | GC% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 5919 | 7409 | 1491 | 497 | 46.5 |
L2 | 4261 | 5901 | 1641 | 547 | 54.4 |
E1 | 1059 | 2858 | 1800 | 600 | 44.8 |
E2 | 2836 | 4167 | 1332 | 444 | 51.2 |
E4 | 3287 | 3922 | 636 | 292 | 57.4 |
E6 | 195 | 785 | 591 | 197 | 48.2 |
E7 | 372 | 707 | 1078 | 124 | 50.0 |
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Carrai, M.; Van Brussel, K.; Shi, M.; Li, C.-X.; Chang, W.-S.; Munday, J.S.; Voss, K.; McLuckie, A.; Taylor, D.; Laws, A.; et al. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. Viruses 2020, 12, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010124
Carrai M, Van Brussel K, Shi M, Li C-X, Chang W-S, Munday JS, Voss K, McLuckie A, Taylor D, Laws A, et al. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat. Viruses. 2020; 12(1):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010124
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarrai, Maura, Kate Van Brussel, Mang Shi, Ci-Xiu Li, Wei-Shan Chang, John S. Munday, Katja Voss, Alicia McLuckie, David Taylor, Andrew Laws, and et al. 2020. "Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Domestic Cat" Viruses 12, no. 1: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010124