The WHS Designation—A Factor of Sustainable Tourism Growth for Romanian Rural Areas?
"> Figure 1
<p>Summing up the tourist arrivals in Romanian rural areas during 2001–2016. Source: Authors’ representation based on data from National Institute of Statistics [<a href="#B42-sustainability-10-00626" class="html-bibr">42</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
World Heritage Sites in Romania
2. Materials and Methods
- Indicators of tourism impact;
- Indicators of sustainable development.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicators | Abbreviation |
---|---|
Number of Tourist Arrivals in 2016 | Arr_2016 |
Dynamics of Tourist Arrivals 2001–2016 | Dyn_Arr_2001_2016 |
Dynamics of Tourist Arrivals 2007–2016 | Dyn_Arr_2007_2016 |
Number of Overnight stays in 2016 | On_2016 |
Dynamics of Overnight stays 2001–2016 | Dyn_On_2001_2016 |
Dynamics of Overnight stays 2007–2016 | Dyn_On_2007_2016 |
Number of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments in 2016 | Ap_2016 |
Dynamics of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments 2001–2016 | Dyn_Ap_2001_2016 |
Dynamics of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments 2007–2016 | Dyn_Ap_2007_2016 |
Number of tourist accommodation establishments in 2016 | Au_2016 |
Dynamics of tourist accommodation establishments 2001–2016 | Dyn_Au_2001_2016 |
Dynamics of tourist accommodation establishments 2007–2016 | Dyn_Au_2007_2016 |
Number of Tourist Arrivals related to the Total Population 2016 | Arr_Pop_2016 |
Departures of domiciled individuals 2000–2016 | Pop_Dep_2000_2016 |
Arrivals of domiciled individuals 2000–2016 | Pop_Arr_2000_2016 |
Population Dynamics 2000–2016 | Pop_Dyn_2000_2016 |
Population Dynamics 2007–2016 | Pop_Dyn_2007_2016 |
Employees in tertiary sector 2011 1 | Ter_2011 |
Rate of employees in tertiary sector 2011 1 | Ter_per_2011 |
Length of running water supply infrastructure 2016 | Wat_Inf_2016 |
Length of running water supply infrastructure related to Build Surface 2016 | Wat_Inf_Sur_2016 |
Length of running water supply infrastructure related to Population 2016 | Wat_Inf_Pop_2016 |
Length of sewerage infrastructure 2016 | Sew_Inf_2016 |
Length of sewerage infrastructure related to Build Surface 2016 | Sew_Inf_Sur_2016 |
Length of running sewerage infrastructure related to Population 2016 | Sew_Inf_Pop_2016 |
Variable | LAU2 with WHS | LAU2 without WHS | t-Test | p | df | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Number of Tourist Arrivals in 2016 | 2710.63 | 3956.45 | 2814.37 | 9487.05 | −0.044 | 0.965 | 588 |
Dynamics of Tourist Arrivals 2001–2016 | 562.12 | 1235.82 | 521.10 | 3693.92 | 0.044 | 0.965 | 588 |
Dynamics of Tourist Arrivals 2007–2016 | 1768.16 | 3852.45 | 390.04 | 2346.26 | 1.424 | 0.175 | 588 |
Number of Overnight stays in 2016 | 4736.00 | 6418.27 | 6962.12 | 38284.59 | −0.232 | 0.816 | 588 |
Dynamics of Overnight stays 2001–2016 | 490.77 | 1093.31 | 650.30 | 6508.33 | −0.098 | 0.922 | 588 |
Dynamics of Overnight stays 2007–2016 | 1710.52 | 3095.03 | 350.47 | 1779.22 | 1.750 | 0.100 | 588 |
Number of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments in 2016 | 114.38 | 189.99 | 128.63 | 441.88 | −0.129 | 0.898 | 588 |
Dynamics of Accommodations places 2001–2016 | 42.06 | 190.08 | 46.78 | 276.64 | −0.068 | 0.946 | 588 |
Dynamics of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments 2007–2016 | 120.27 | 293.12 | 68.74 | 247.50 | 0.817 | 0.414 | 588 |
Number of bed places in tourist accommodation establishments in 2016 | 6.25 | 7.60 | 4.54 | 12.01 | 0.566 | 0.572 | 588 |
Dynamics of tourist accommodation establishments 2001–2016 | 173.67 | 348.47 | 64.40 | 223.70 | 1.247 | 0.231 | 588 |
Dynamics of tourist accommodation establishments 2007–2016 | 53.98 | 116.21 | 53.86 | 228.33 | 0.002 | 0.998 | 588 |
Number of Tourist Arrivals related to Total Population 2016 | 0.83 | 1.23 | 0.86 | 2.63 | −0.047 | 0.962 | 588 |
Variable | LAU2 with WHS | LAU2 without WHS | t-Test | p | df | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Population Departures 2000–2016 | 837.25 | 41.53 | 98.59 | 589.29 | −0.979 | 0.328 | 588 |
Population Arrivals 2000–2016 | 869.00 | 704.31 | 1520.02 | 1819.76 | −1.427 | 0.154 | 588 |
Population Dynamics 2000–2016 | −0.42 | 16.32 | 2.83 | 36.72 | −0.353 | 0.724 | 588 |
Population Dynamics 2007–2016 | −0.18 | 7.59 | 4.35 | 26.64 | −0.679 | 0.497 | 588 |
Employees in tertiary sector 2011 1 | 94.44 | 151.05 | 253.29 | 527.91 | −1.201 | 0.230 | 588 |
Rate of employees in tertiary sector 2011 1 | 58.40 | 27.65 | 58.67 | 24.08 | −0.043 | 0.966 | 588 |
Length of running water infrastructure 2016 | 27.71 | 20.78 | 26.58 | 21.95 | 0.177 | 0.860 | 588 |
Length of running water infrastructure related to Build Surface 2016 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.90 | 0.049 | 0.961 | 588 |
Length of sewerage infrastructure related to Population 2016 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.056 | 0.956 | 588 |
Length of sewerage infrastructure 2016 | 11.11 | 1.34 | 12.89 | 13.27 | −0.348 | 0.728 | 588 |
Length of sewerage infrastructure related to Build Surface 2016 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.88 | −0.250 | 0.803 | 588 |
Length of running sewerage infrastructure related to Population 2016 | 0.00 1 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.00 1 | −6.904 | 0.000 * | 588 |
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Iațu, C.; Ibănescu, B.-C.; Stoleriu, O.M.; Munteanu, A. The WHS Designation—A Factor of Sustainable Tourism Growth for Romanian Rural Areas? Sustainability 2018, 10, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030626
Iațu C, Ibănescu B-C, Stoleriu OM, Munteanu A. The WHS Designation—A Factor of Sustainable Tourism Growth for Romanian Rural Areas? Sustainability. 2018; 10(3):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030626
Chicago/Turabian StyleIațu, Corneliu, Bogdan-Constantin Ibănescu, Oana Mihaela Stoleriu, and Alina Munteanu. 2018. "The WHS Designation—A Factor of Sustainable Tourism Growth for Romanian Rural Areas?" Sustainability 10, no. 3: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030626