Implementation of a Miniaturized Planar Tri-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Sensors in Mobile Applications
<p>Structure of proposed triband antenna: (<b>a</b>) front view, (<b>b</b>) back view, and (<b>c</b>) side view.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Reflection coefficient S<sub>11</sub> of the proposed triband antenna.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Design steps of the proposed triband antenna: (<b>a</b>) ANT I (patch only), (<b>b</b>) ANT II (Truncated patch), (<b>c</b>) ANT III (U-shaped patch), and (<b>d</b>) ANT IV (proposed antenna).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Simulated <span class="html-italic">S</span><sub>11</sub> for the corresponding design steps.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Surface current distribution (<b>a</b>) at 1.8 GHz, (<b>b</b>) at 3.5 GHz, and (<b>c</b>) at 5.4 GHz.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Proposed equivalent circuit model for the triband antenna; (<b>b</b>) S<sub>11</sub> obtained from the circuit model.</p> "> Figure 6 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) Proposed equivalent circuit model for the triband antenna; (<b>b</b>) S<sub>11</sub> obtained from the circuit model.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Front and back view of the fabricated prototype of the antenna.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Simulated and measured return losses of the proposed antenna at three operating frequencies.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>2D radiation pattern (<b>a</b>) at 1.8 GHz, (<b>b</b>) at 3.5 GHz, and (<b>c</b>) at 5.4 GHz.</p> "> Figure 9 Cont.
<p>2D radiation pattern (<b>a</b>) at 1.8 GHz, (<b>b</b>) at 3.5 GHz, and (<b>c</b>) at 5.4 GHz.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Simulated and measured gain and efficiency graph.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antenna Design Methodology
2.1. Proposed Single Antenna Design
2.2. Design Methodology
2.3. Equivalent Circuit Model
3. Results and Discussion
Fabrication and Measurements
4. Comparison with State-of-the-Art Antennas
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Value (mm) | Parameters | Value (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
Lg | 40.8 | Wg | 50 |
L1 | 4.45 | W1 | 10.5 |
L2 | 4.0 | W2 | 3.5 |
L3 | 11.05 | W3 | 13.70 |
L4 | 21.50 | W4 | 5.10 |
L5 | 6.50 | W5 | 10.0 |
L6 | 10.0 | W6 | 7.0 |
Lf | 10.0 | Wf | 5.0 |
G | 2.0 | S | 19.2 |
Capacitor | Value (pF) | Inductor | Value (nH) | Resistor | Value (Ohm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cin | 2.3 | Lin | 1 | R1 | 50 |
C1 | 3.0 | L1 | 1.3 | R2 | 47 |
C2 | 20 | L2 | 100 | R3 | 45 |
C3 | 35 | L3 | 24 | Ra | 2 |
Ca | 2 | La | 1 | Zin | 50 |
Ref. No. | Size (mm3) | Operating Frequency (GHz) | Bandwidth (MHz) | Peak Gain (dB) | Substrate Material | Proposed Technique |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[27] | 40 × 40 × 1.52 | 2.6, 6, 8.5 | 50, 22.8, 30 | 6.2, 4.52, 6.9 | FR-4 | Microstrip Patch |
[31] | 80 × 78.93 × 1.7 | 1.429, 1.839 | NA | 2.9, 4.3 | FR-4 | U-shaped patch |
[33] | 60 × 55 × 1.59 | 4.3, 5.0, 6.1, 7.4, 8.9, 9.2 | 68.6, 126.7, 132, 124.3, 191.2, 530.6 | 1.08, 3.23, 3.36, 2.77, 3.07, 4.87 | FR-4 | Square shaped microstrip patch |
[34] | 70 × 70 × 1.58 | 1.75, 3.65, 5.55, 6.6 | 170, 60, 140, 120 | 7.2, 11.2, 11.3, 7 | FR-4 | Sierpeinsiki-shaped patch |
[35] | 70 × 60 × 1.6 | 1, 1.2, 0.7 | 50, 60, 60 | 2.313, 2.396, 2.478 | FR-4 | Microstrip patch |
[36] | 94 × 78 × 3.18 | 2.53, 3.86, 6.45, 6.93 | 50.70, 410, 1250 | 8.18, 7.97, 10.56, 22, 5 | Rogors RT5880 | Microstrip Patch |
[37] | 50 × 50 × 1.5 | 1.2, 2.4, 5.6 | 12.76, 52.979, 52.979 | NA | FR-4 | Patch with defected ground |
[This work] | 60 × 50 × 1.6 | Sim: 1.8, 3.5, 5.4 Meas: 1.7, 3.39, 5.38 | Sim: 140, 180, 200 Meas: 140.2, 180.1, 200.2 | Sim: 2.34, 5.2, 1.42 Meas: 2.22, 5.18, 1.38 | FR-4 | F-shaped Planar patch |
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Elkorany, A.S.; Mousa, A.N.; Ahmad, S.; Saleeb, D.A.; Ghaffar, A.; Soruri, M.; Dalarsson, M.; Alibakhshikenari, M.; Limiti, E. Implementation of a Miniaturized Planar Tri-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Sensors in Mobile Applications. Sensors 2022, 22, 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020667
Elkorany AS, Mousa AN, Ahmad S, Saleeb DA, Ghaffar A, Soruri M, Dalarsson M, Alibakhshikenari M, Limiti E. Implementation of a Miniaturized Planar Tri-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Sensors in Mobile Applications. Sensors. 2022; 22(2):667. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020667
Chicago/Turabian StyleElkorany, Ahmed Saad, Alyaa Nehru Mousa, Sarosh Ahmad, Demyana Adel Saleeb, Adnan Ghaffar, Mohammad Soruri, Mariana Dalarsson, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, and Ernesto Limiti. 2022. "Implementation of a Miniaturized Planar Tri-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Sensors in Mobile Applications" Sensors 22, no. 2: 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020667