New Stimulation Device to Drive Multiple Transverse Intrafascicular Electrodes and Achieve Highly Selective and Rich Neural Responses
<p>STIMEP architecture and bench testing. (<b>a</b>) Diagram of STIMEP hardware and (<b>b</b>) picture of the corresponding device at the same scale. (<b>c</b>) Coordinated DSU stimulations with different frequencies, intensities and pulse widths (oscilloscope screenshot).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Transverse Intrafascicular Multichannel Electrode (TIME) and implantation procedure. (<b>a</b>) Photograph of the TIME-4H implant. Each TIME consists of 14 independent stimulation contacts and 2 ground sites. (<b>b</b>) Implantation of TIME devices into the sciatic nerve proximal to its trifurcation at the knee especially for protocol 2.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Algorithm illustrating parameterization of SYNERGY software to implement Protocol 1. Protocol 1 was designed to perform scanning in intensities with different pulse widths using a TIME implanted in a single fascicle (TIME#1). This experiment was implemented to ensure STIMEP ability to automatically deliver finely tuned stimulations but also to assess the relative impact of both intensity and pulse width in intrafascicular stimulation selectivity.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Recruitment and chronaxie curves obtained after performing protocol 1. (<b>a</b>) Recruitment curves of Plantar interossei and Gastrocnemius muscles after stimulating with either a contact on the left or on the right side of the TIME#1 implant. Muscle activity is displayed as the RMS of the compound muscle action potential. (<b>b</b>) Chronaxie-rheobase-like curves plotted as a result of these stimulations, presenting the relative recruitment of both Plantar Interossei and Gastrocnemius muscles.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Raw signals recorded during implementation of the second stimulation protocol and corresponding recruitment curves. (<b>a</b>) Example of raw data obtained when stimulating with left contacts for a 300 µA intensity (i.e., DSU #1 = 4 Hz, DSU #4 = 8 Hz, I = 1, j = 2 and k = 4—configuration based on <a href="#app1-sensors-21-07219" class="html-app">Supplementary Figure S1</a>). (<b>b</b>) Close-up on the three muscles CMAPs obtained after stimulating with either a single (DSU #1) or two DSUs (DSU #1 and DSU #4)—These signals correspond to those marked with a star in (<b>a</b>). (<b>c</b>) Recruitment curves obtained for each muscle following the implementation of the stimulation protocol. Note that the “cumulated RMS T#2T#3” curve corresponds to the calculation of the RMS theoretical value obtained by linear summation of the individual responses. Similarly, the presence of two curves corresponding to the stimulation with two DSU is linked to the protocol repetition after the reversal of the stimulation frequencies on both DSUs.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Recruitment curves obtained after stimulating with two distinct stimulation patterns. In this figure, both “Pattern 2” curves were obtained after performing the third protocol. Note that the little horizontal bold line indicates the maximum RMS value used to normalize the data (corresponds to y = 1).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Clinical trials performed using the STIMEP Neurostimulator. (<b>a</b>) Implantation of TIME electrodes transversally in upper limb nerves and stimulation with STIMEP device to restore rich sensations in amputees [<a href="#B50-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">50</a>,<a href="#B51-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">51</a>,<a href="#B52-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">52</a>,<a href="#B53-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">53</a>]. (<b>b</b>) Combined use of TIME implants and STIMEP to optimize walking performances in lower-limb amputees [<a href="#B54-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">54</a>,<a href="#B55-sensors-21-07219" class="html-bibr">55</a>]. (<b>c</b>) Restoration of upper-limb movements in individuals with spinal cord injury using multicontact cuff electrodes and STIMEP neurostimulator (ongoing clinical trial—manuscript in preparation).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Description of the Stimulation Device—STIMEP Platform
2.2. In Vivo Validation of the Stimulation Device and Selectivity Study
2.2.1. Experimental Set-Up
2.2.2. TIME Implants
2.2.3. Stimulation Paradigms
- Protocol 1: Scanning with intensity for different pulse widths using a single TIME implant
- Protocol 2: Stimulation using two DSU simultaneously to drive two TIME implants
- Protocol 3: Implementation of two stimulation waveforms
2.2.4. Signal Processing
3. Results
3.1. STIMEP Successfully Delivered Finely Tuned Stimulations That Potentiate Intrafascicular Stimulation Selectivity
3.2. STIMEP Successfully Drove Two TIME Implants Simultaneously and Increased Spatial Selectivity
3.3. STIMEP Generated Complex Waveforms and Underlines the Relative Impact of Polarity on Stimulation Selectivity Using TIME Implants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Type of stimulation | Constant current stimulation |
Number of channels per stimulation unit | 14 active sites (capacitively coupled) 2 references (non coupled) |
Number of distributed stimulation units (DSU) | 4 (56 active sites in total) |
Weight Dimensions (W × L × H) | 150 g 81 × 130 × 21 mm3 |
Pulse width | 2–508 µs (2 µs resolution) |
Intensity | 10–2540 µA (10 µA resolution) |
Frequency | 3 ranges: low/mid/high Low range: up to 8 channels per electrode (DSU) -> 4 to 58 Hz Mid range: up to 4 channels per electrode (DSU) -> 4 to 111 Hz High range: up to 2 channels per electrode (DSU) -> 4 to 200 Hz |
Passive discharge | 150 µs minimum duration |
Channel capacitive coupling | 330 nF |
Output voltage | 19 V |
Powering | USB or external battery |
Autonomy (external battery) | 8 hours |
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Guiho, T.; López-Álvarez, V.M.; Čvančara, P.; Hiairrassary, A.; Andreu, D.; Stieglitz, T.; Navarro, X.; Guiraud, D. New Stimulation Device to Drive Multiple Transverse Intrafascicular Electrodes and Achieve Highly Selective and Rich Neural Responses. Sensors 2021, 21, 7219. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217219
Guiho T, López-Álvarez VM, Čvančara P, Hiairrassary A, Andreu D, Stieglitz T, Navarro X, Guiraud D. New Stimulation Device to Drive Multiple Transverse Intrafascicular Electrodes and Achieve Highly Selective and Rich Neural Responses. Sensors. 2021; 21(21):7219. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217219
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuiho, Thomas, Victor Manuel López-Álvarez, Paul Čvančara, Arthur Hiairrassary, David Andreu, Thomas Stieglitz, Xavier Navarro, and David Guiraud. 2021. "New Stimulation Device to Drive Multiple Transverse Intrafascicular Electrodes and Achieve Highly Selective and Rich Neural Responses" Sensors 21, no. 21: 7219. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217219