Hybrid Fiber-Optic Sensing Integrating Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis and Fiber Bragg Grating for Long-Range Two-Parameter Measurement †
<p>Hybrid system combining fiber grating and BOTDA system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p><b>Analyses of</b> Brillouin frequency versus fiber distance and optical output power using MATLAB software. (<b>a</b>) 3D graphic. (<b>b</b>) 2D graphic.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Two FBGs are located on both sides of the DSF. (<b>b</b>) Before the strain and temperature changes were applied to the FBGs, and (<b>c</b>) after the strain and temperature changes were applied to the FBGs.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>The fiber Brillouin frequency changes due to temperature variation.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) The optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.88 GHz, (<b>b</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.57 GHz addressing the reproducibility issue, (<b>c</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.88 GHz, (<b>d</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.57 GHz addressing the repeatability issue.</p> "> Figure 5 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) The optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.88 GHz, (<b>b</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.57 GHz addressing the reproducibility issue, (<b>c</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.88 GHz, (<b>d</b>) the optical intensity against fiber distance data in BOTDA at 10.57 GHz addressing the repeatability issue.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering
2.2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
- (1)
- The pulse width of the pump laser is much larger than the phonon lifetime in the fiber, and all the time terms in the coupled wave equation are ignored and eliminated.
- (2)
- The frequency of the pump pulse is approximately equal to that of the backscattered Stokes light.
- (3)
- The attenuation coefficients of the pump pulse light and the backscattered Stokes light in fiber are the same.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. 2D and 3D Graphic of Brillouin Frequency
3.2. Integration of FBG Sensing in the BOTDA System
3.3. Reproducibility and Repeatability Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Liaw, S.-K.; Liao, C.-W.; Tsai, M.-H.; Li, D.-C.; Yang, S.-M.; Xia, Z.-Y.; Yeh, C.-H.; Liu, W.-F. Hybrid Fiber-Optic Sensing Integrating Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis and Fiber Bragg Grating for Long-Range Two-Parameter Measurement. Sensors 2021, 21, 4224. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21124224
Liaw S-K, Liao C-W, Tsai M-H, Li D-C, Yang S-M, Xia Z-Y, Yeh C-H, Liu W-F. Hybrid Fiber-Optic Sensing Integrating Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis and Fiber Bragg Grating for Long-Range Two-Parameter Measurement. Sensors. 2021; 21(12):4224. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21124224
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiaw, Shien-Kuei, Chi-Wen Liao, Meng-Hsuan Tsai, Dong-Chang Li, Shu-Ming Yang, Zhu-Yong Xia, Chien-Hung Yeh, and Wen-Fung Liu. 2021. "Hybrid Fiber-Optic Sensing Integrating Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis and Fiber Bragg Grating for Long-Range Two-Parameter Measurement" Sensors 21, no. 12: 4224. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21124224