Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA
"> Figure 1
<p>Measuring principle of fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy (FLRDS).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic diagram of the optical pulse modulation scheme; (<b>a</b>) traditional optical pulse modulation scheme; (<b>b</b>) Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based optical pulse modulation scheme.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Structure diagram of pulse signal source based on phase-locked loop (PLL).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Characteristics of the generated optical pulse; (<b>a</b>) the pulse spectrum; (<b>b</b>) the pulse width and the repetition period.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Schematic diagram of the static ice pressure detection system.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Schematic diagram and picture of the optical pressure sensor; (<b>a</b>) top view of the pressure sensor; (<b>b</b>) front view of the pressure sensor; (<b>c</b>) picture of the pressure sensor.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The picture of static ice pressure sensor system.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The sensor layout diagram; (<b>a</b>) measuring the static ice pressure on the bottom; (<b>b</b>) measuring the static ice pressure on the sidewall.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Stability test results of temperature ranged from −20 ℃ to 10 ℃.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Repeatability test results of pressure sensor on the sidewall; (<b>a</b>) the ring-down time curve when 304 kPa is loaded and not loaded on the sensor; (<b>b</b>) the error bar of 1/<span class="html-italic">τ</span> response when 304 kPa is not loaded on the sensor; (<b>c</b>) the error bar of 1/<span class="html-italic">τ</span> response when 304 kPa is loaded on the sensor.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>The relationship between the ring-down time and static ice pressure on the sidewall; (<b>a</b>) ring-down time-pressure curve of the overall range of sensor; (<b>b</b>) calibration curve of the low-pressure area; (<b>c</b>) calibration curve of the high-pressure area.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>The curve of static ice pressure at different depths; (<b>a</b>) sidewall static ice pressure-temperature curve when the depth of the sensor is 10 cm; (<b>b</b>) sidewall static ice pressure-temperature curve when the depth of the sensor is 13.5 cm; (<b>c</b>) sidewall static ice pressure-temperature curve when the depth of the sensor is 16.5 cm; (<b>d</b>) variation curve of static ice pressure along with the depth during the ice growth and melting processes.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Repeatability test results of pressure sensor on the bottom; (<b>a</b>) the ring-down time curve when 56 kPa is loaded and not loaded on the sensor; (<b>b</b>) the error bar of 1/<span class="html-italic">τ</span> response when 56 kPa is not loaded on the sensor; (<b>c</b>) the error bar of 1/<span class="html-italic">τ</span> response when 56 kPa is loaded on the sensor.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>The relationship between the ring-down time and static ice pressure on the bottom; (<b>a</b>) ring-down time-pressure curve of the overall range of sensor; (<b>b</b>) calibration curve of the low-pressure area; (<b>c</b>) calibration curve of the high-pressure area.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>The curve of static ice pressure on the bottom in the growth and melting processes of ice.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Research Method of Static Ice Pressure
1.3. Optical Fiber Sensor for Static Ice Pressure Detection
- An FPGA-based optical pulse generation system is designed, which can generate light pulses with controllable pulse width and period and is conducive to realizing field applications.
- For measuring the static ice pressure during the ice growth and melting processes, the exiting micro bend sensor is optimized, and 4 auxiliary fibers are added to expand the range of the sensor while ensuring the sensitivity.
- The static ice pressure on the sidewall and bottom of the ice cover was studied, respectively. The static ice pressure changes at different depths on the sidewall of the ice cover are obtained. Meanwhile, the relationship between the static ice pressure on the sidewall and the bottom of the ice cover are obtained.
2. Materials and Methods
3. The Detection System of Static Ice Pressure
3.1. Optical Pulse Modulation-Based FPGA
3.2. Experimental Setup
4. Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1. Temperature Stability
4.2. Static Ice Pressure to the Sidewall of the Ice Tank
4.3. Static Ice pressure to the Bottom of the Ice Tank
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Deng, X.; Wang, D.; Pan, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J.; Lu, X.; Du, C.; Zhang, L. Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA. Sensors 2020, 20, 5927. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205927
Deng X, Wang D, Pan L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Lu X, Du C, Zhang L. Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA. Sensors. 2020; 20(20):5927. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205927
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Xiao, Dingrui Wang, Lipeng Pan, Li Zhang, Jun Zhang, Xinshuo Lu, Chao Du, and Lin Zhang. 2020. "Static Ice Pressure Measuring System Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and FPGA" Sensors 20, no. 20: 5927. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205927