Fiber-Optic Based Smart Textiles for Real-Time Monitoring of Breathing Rate
<p>Experimental setup: (1) I-MON interrogator, (2) PC with evaluation software, (3) T-shirt with belts equipped with arrays of 5 FBGs, (4) VibSensor mobile application.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic view of the system: light from SLED travels to the FBG sensors and reflects back to the spectrometer through a coupler for decoding and measurement in PC.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Experimental characterization of temperature (<b>a</b>) and strain coefficients (<b>b</b>).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Reflection spectrum of the 5 FBGs array exposed to different strains (strain 1 and strain 2). The arrows shows the direction of the wavelength shifts for each FBG due to the strain applied to the array.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Fiber sewing points (SP 1, 2, 3 and 4) and FBGs position (FBG 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) on the belts.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Strain pattern detected by 5 FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and by 5 FBGs on the abdomen (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Strain pattern after application of filter detected by 5 FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and by 5 FBGs on the abdomen (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Strain pattern after reflecting opposite patterns and neglecting wrong patterns detected by 5 FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and by 5 FBGs on the abdomen (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Breathing pattern reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the staying position detected by FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen (<b>right</b>) regions.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the staying position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the staying position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the staying position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the sitting position detected by FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the sitting position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the sitting position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the sitting position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the lying position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the lying position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 20
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the lying position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 21
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the lying position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 22
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the running position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 23
<p>Breathing pattern for the first volunteer in the running position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 24
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the running position detected by: FBGs on the chest (<b>left</b>) and abdomen regions (<b>right</b>).</p> "> Figure 25
<p>Breathing pattern for the second volunteer in the running position reconstructed based on the 10 FBGs strain patterns (<b>left</b>) and obtained from the reference sensor (<b>right</b>).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Interrogation System
2.2. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
2.3. Belt Design and Fibers Fixation
2.4. Reference Sensors
2.5. Algorithm for the Breathing Pattern Reconstruction
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Staying Position
3.2. Sitting Position
3.3. Lying Position
3.4. Running Position
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Issatayeva, A.; Beisenova, A.; Tosi, D.; Molardi, C. Fiber-Optic Based Smart Textiles for Real-Time Monitoring of Breathing Rate. Sensors 2020, 20, 3408. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123408
Issatayeva A, Beisenova A, Tosi D, Molardi C. Fiber-Optic Based Smart Textiles for Real-Time Monitoring of Breathing Rate. Sensors. 2020; 20(12):3408. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123408
Chicago/Turabian StyleIssatayeva, Aizhan, Aidana Beisenova, Daniele Tosi, and Carlo Molardi. 2020. "Fiber-Optic Based Smart Textiles for Real-Time Monitoring of Breathing Rate" Sensors 20, no. 12: 3408. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123408