Downlink Cooperative Broadcast Transmission Based on Superposition Coding in a Relaying System for Future Wireless Sensor Networks
<p>System model of the RBC with two users and one dedicated relay node.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Comparison between the cooperative broadcast transmission and conventional transmission schemes when assigning orthogonal channels to different users.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Geometry model of a relay broadcast channel (RBC).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Outage probability of different DF protocols at <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math> for code rates <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz for the orthogonal multiplexing), PCFs of the PCF-constrained protocol <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>, PCFs of the PCF-unconstrained protocol <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>9</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>, and transmit powers <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Outage probability of different DF protocols at <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math> for code rates <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz for the orthogonal multiplexing), PCFs of the PCF-constrained protocol <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>, PCFs of the PCF-unconstrained protocol <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>9</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>, and transmit powers <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Outage probability of different AF protocols at <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math> for code rates <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz for the orthogonal multiplexing), and transmit powers <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Outage probability of different AF protocols at <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math> for code rates <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> b/s/Hz for the orthogonal multiplexing), and transmit powers <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Minimum overall transmit power versus transmission rate with <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Power gain of AF Broadcast over AF Orthogonal versus rate. In (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>, the three curves from top to bottom correspond to the disparity in channel qualities of users from large to small, while (<b>b</b>) shows the three cases when <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math> has the same transmission rate and outage as <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math>, larger outage probability than <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math>, and lower transmission rate and larger outage probability than <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msub> </semantics></math>.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Power gain of AF Broadcast versus the <math display="inline"><semantics> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics></math> with <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>. The three curves from top to bottom in (<b>a</b>) correspond to the disparity in the channel qualities of users from high to low, all three cases have <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>. In (<b>a</b>), the AF Broadcast is compared with the AF Orthogonal, whereas in (<b>b</b>) compared with a mixed AF scheme.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Power gain of AF Broadcast over DF Broadcast versus rate with <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mn>01</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Model and Proposed Broadcast Transmission Protocols
2.1. System Model
2.2. Description of Proposed DF Broadcast Transmission Protocol
2.3. Description of Proposed AF Broadcast Transmission Protocol
2.4. Notations
3. Outage Analysis of Proposed Cooperative Broadcast Transmission Protocols
3.1. Outage Analysis of Proposed DF Broadcast Transmission Protocol
3.1.1. Selection of the PSF in the Two-User Fading Broadcast Channel
3.1.2. Selection of the PSF in the DF Broadcast Transmission
3.1.3. Outage Probability of the DF Broadcast Transmission Protocol
3.2. Outage Analysis of Proposed AF Broadcast Transmission Protocol
4. Power Gain and Resource Allocation
5. Numerical Results
5.1. Outage Probability of Conventional Relaying with Orthogonal Multiplexing
5.1.1. Conventional DF Relaying with Orthogonal Multiplexing
5.1.2. Conventional AF Relaying with Orthogonal Multiplexing
5.2. Comparison with Other Schemes
5.3. Effect of Disparity in Channel Qualities and Desired Performances of Users
5.4. Comparison between AF Broadcast and DF Broadcast
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Proof of Theorem 1
Appendix B. Characterization of and
Appendix C. Degradeness Condition in the AF Protocol
Appendix D. Outage Event of Conventional AF Relaying
References
- Han, G.; Liu, L.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, W. A hierarchical jammed-area mapping service for ubiquitous communication in smart communities. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2018, 56, 92–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, G.; Yang, X.; Liu, L.; Zhang, W. A joint energy replenishing and data collection algorithm in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Internet Thing J. 2017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, G.; Yang, X.; Liu, L.; Guizani, M.; Zhang, W. A disaster management-oriented path planning for mobile anchor-based localization in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 2017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Yang, T.; Wortmann, M.; Shi, P.; Hattermann, F.; Lobanova, A.; Aich, V. Analysis of multi-dimensional hydrological alterations under climate change for four major river basins in different climate zones. Clim. Chang. 2017, 141, 483–498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, T.; Cui, T.; Xu, C.Y. Development of a new IHA method for impact assessment of climate change on flow regime. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2017, 156, 68–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sendonaris, A.; Erkip, E.; Aazhang, B. User cooperation diversity—Part I: System description. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2003, 51, 1939–1948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Laneman, J.N.; Tse, D.N.C.; Wornell, G.W. Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2004, 50, 3062–3080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khormuji, M.N.; Larsson, E.G. Cooperative transmission based on decode-and-forward relaying with partial repetition coding. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2009, 8, 1716–1725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liang, Y.; Kramer, G. Rate regions for relay broadcast channels. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2007, 53, 3517–3535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bross, S.I. On the discrete memoryless partially cooperative relay broadcast channel and the broadcast channel with cooperating decoders. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2009, 55, 2161–2182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Behboodi, A.; Piantanida, P. Cooperative strategies for simultaneous and broadcast relay channels. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2013, 59, 1417–1442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, Z.; Leung, K.K.; Goeckel, D.L.; Towsley, D. Cooperative transmission protocols for wireless broadcast channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2010, 9, 3701–3713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lo, E.S.; Letaief, K.B. Design and outage performance analysis of relay assisted two way wireless communications. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2011, 59, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maham, B.; Hjrungnes, A.; Narasimhan, R. Energy-efficient space-time coded cooperation in outage-restriced multihop wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2011, 59, 3111–3121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tse, D.; Viswanath, P. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, 1st ed.; Cambridge University: New York, NY, USA, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Goparaju, A.K. Superposition Coding Based Co-Operative Diversity Schemes. Master’s Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, October 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Men, J.J.; Ge, J.H.; Zhang, C.S. Performance analysis of nonorthogonal multiple access for relaying networks over Nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2017, 66, 1200–1208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, S.L.; Yang, L.X.; Zhu, H. Outage balancing in downlink nonorthogonal multiple access with statistical channel state information. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2016, 15, 4718–4731. [Google Scholar]
- Shi, S.L.; Yang, L.X.; Zhu, H. Pairwise transmission using superposition coding for relay-assisted downlink communications. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2015, 14, 2788–2801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lv, L.; Chen, J.; Ni, Q.; Ding, Z. Design of cooperative non-orthogonal multicast cognitive multiple access for 5G systems: User scheduling and performance analysis. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2017, 65, 2641–2656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhong, C.J.; Zhang, Z.Y. Non-orthogonal multiple access with cooperative full-duplex relaying. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2016, 20, 2478–2481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, J.B.; Lee, I.H. Non-orthogonal multiple access in coordinated direct and relay transmission. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2015, 19, 2038–2041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Steiner, A.; Shamai, S. Single-user broadcasting protocols over a two-hop relay fading channel. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2006, 52, 4821–4838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Ma, Y.; Tafazolli, R. Power allocation for bidirectional af relaying over rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2010, 14, 145–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Louie, R.H.Y.; Li, Y.; Vucetic, B. Practical physical layer network coding for two-way relay channels: Performance analysis and comparison. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2010, 9, 764–777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Liu, Y.; Han, G.; Shi, S.; Li, Z. Downlink Cooperative Broadcast Transmission Based on Superposition Coding in a Relaying System for Future Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2018, 18, 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061973
Liu Y, Han G, Shi S, Li Z. Downlink Cooperative Broadcast Transmission Based on Superposition Coding in a Relaying System for Future Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors. 2018; 18(6):1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061973
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yang, Guangjie Han, Sulong Shi, and Zhengquan Li. 2018. "Downlink Cooperative Broadcast Transmission Based on Superposition Coding in a Relaying System for Future Wireless Sensor Networks" Sensors 18, no. 6: 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061973