Miniaturized and Wireless Optical Neurotransmitter Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain
<p>Schematic diagram of the wireless optical sensing system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic diagram of a micro-spectrometer.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Image of sensing components and assembly in a 3D printed package and (<b>b</b>) the front and backside images of a printed circuit board with assembled electrical parts.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Schematic diagram of luminescence change (quenching) the QDs by electron transfer.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic diagram of the optical probe, and images of (<b>b</b>) optical probe with a connector and (<b>c</b>) probe tip with QDs photo luminescence excited with a 465 nm light.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Photoluminescence spectrum for a 470 nm wavelength excitation.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Photo-luminescence spectra of CdSe/ZnS QDs at different concentrations of DA from 0–228 µM and (<b>b</b>) the relation between the luminescence spectra and DA concentration measured by a commercial spectrometer (USB 4000).</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Custom-designed graphical user interface for the sensor control and sensing data display.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>DA sensing sensitivity measured by (<b>a</b>) MWONS and (<b>b</b>) a commercial micro-spectrometer; and (<b>c</b>) comparison of sensitivity with DA concentration.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>DA sensing selectivity to other biological substances, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Micro-Spectrometer and Sensing System Electronics
2.1.1. Micro-Spectrometer Design
2.1.2. Sensing Electronics Design
2.1.3. 3D Printing Fabrication and Assembly
2.2. Fluorescence Dopamine Sensing Probe
2.2.1. Materials
2.2.2. Design and Fabrication
3. Experiments and Results
3.1. Characterization of Optical Sensing Probes
3.2. Characterization of the Optical Dopamine Sensor
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, M.H.; Yoon, H.; Choi, S.H.; Zhao, F.; Kim, J.; Song, K.D.; Lee, U. Miniaturized and Wireless Optical Neurotransmitter Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain. Sensors 2016, 16, 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111894
Kim MH, Yoon H, Choi SH, Zhao F, Kim J, Song KD, Lee U. Miniaturized and Wireless Optical Neurotransmitter Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain. Sensors. 2016; 16(11):1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111894
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Min H., Hargsoon Yoon, Sang H. Choi, Fei Zhao, Jongsung Kim, Kyo D. Song, and Uhn Lee. 2016. "Miniaturized and Wireless Optical Neurotransmitter Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain" Sensors 16, no. 11: 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111894