Performance Analysis of Several GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Models
<p>Average 2014 IGS receiver DCB for GPS and Galileo signals.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Average IGS 2014 satellite DCB for both GPS/Galileo signals.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>IGS and decoupled clock corrections 26 August 2012.</p> "> Figure 3 Cont.
<p>IGS and decoupled clock corrections 26 August 2012.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>IGS and decoupled clock corrections 27 August 2012.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>IGS and decoupled clock corrections 5 April 2013.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Analysis stations.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Postioining results of the traditional GPS/Galileo PPP model.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Ambiguity parameters the traditional GPS/Galileo PPP model.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Positioning results of the GPS decoupled clock model.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Receiver clock errors of the GPS decoupled clock model.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Ambiguity parameters of the GPS decoupled clock model.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Positioning results of the semi-decoupled clock PPP model.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Receiver clock errors of the semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Ambiguity parameters of the semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Inter-system bias of the semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Positioning results of the BSSD PPP tight combination model using (<b>a</b>) GPS reference satellite; and (<b>b</b>) Galileo reference satellite</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Ambiguity parameters the BSSD PPP tight combination model using (<b>a</b>) GPS reference satellite; and (<b>b</b>) Galileo reference satellite.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Positioning results of the BSSD PPP loose combination model.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Ambiguity parameters the BSSD PPP loose combination model.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>Positioning results for BSSD semi-decoupled GPS/Galileo PPP model. (<b>a</b>) GPS reference satellite; and (<b>b</b>) Galileo reference satellite.</p> "> Figure 21
<p>Ambiguity parameters the semi-decoupled GPS/Galileo PPP model (<b>a</b>) GPS reference satellite; and (<b>b</b>) Galileo reference satellite.</p> "> Figure 22
<p>Positioning results of the semi-decoupled per-constellation GPS/Galileo BSSD PPP model.</p> "> Figure 23
<p>Ambiguity parameters the semi-decoupled per-constellation GPS/Galileo BSSD PPP model.</p> "> Figure 24
<p>Summary of convergence times of all stations and analysis cases. (<b>1</b>) Un-differenced GPS model; (<b>2</b>) Un-differenced GPS/Galileo model; (<b>3</b>) Decoupled clock model using GPS observations only; (<b>4</b>) semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model; (<b>5</b>) BSSD model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>6</b>) BSSD model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>7</b>) BSSD model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites; (<b>8</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>9</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>10</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites.</p> "> Figure 25
<p>Summary of positioning standard deviations in East, North, and Up directions of all stations and analysis cases. (<b>1</b>) Un-differenced GPS model; (<b>2</b>) Un-differenced GPS/Galileo model; (<b>3</b>) Decoupled clock model using GPS observations only; (<b>4</b>) semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model; (<b>5</b>) BSSD model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>6</b>) BSSD model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>7</b>) BSSD model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites; (<b>8</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>9</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>10</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites.</p> "> Figure 25 Cont.
<p>Summary of positioning standard deviations in East, North, and Up directions of all stations and analysis cases. (<b>1</b>) Un-differenced GPS model; (<b>2</b>) Un-differenced GPS/Galileo model; (<b>3</b>) Decoupled clock model using GPS observations only; (<b>4</b>) semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo PPP model; (<b>5</b>) BSSD model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>6</b>) BSSD model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>7</b>) BSSD model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites; (<b>8</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a GPS satellite as a reference; (<b>9</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with a Galileo satellite as a reference; (<b>10</b>) BSSD semi-decoupled clock GPS/Galileo model with both a GPS and a Galileo satellite as reference satellites.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Un-Differenced GPS/Galileo PPP Models
2.1. Traditional GPS/Galileo PPP Model
2.2. Decoupled Clock GPS/Galileo PPP Model
Date | Satellite Clock Correction Difference (Decoupled-IGS) (s) | ||
---|---|---|---|
G04 | G13 | G17 | |
26 August 2012 | −6.91E−09 | −1.20E−08 | −5.60E−09 |
27 August 2012 | −6.91E−09 | −1.20E−08 | −5.60E−09 |
5 April 2013 | 8.19E−08 | 7.99E−08 | 7.83E−08 |
2.3. Semi-Decoupled Clock GPS/Galileo PPP Model
3. BSSD GPS/Galileo Models
3.1. Traditional BSSD GPS/Galileo PPP Model
3.2. BSSD Decoupled Clock GPS/Galileo PPP Model
3.3. BSSD Semi-Decoupled Clock GPS/Galileo PPP Model
4. Least Squares Estimation Technique
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Afifi, A.; El-Rabbany, A. Performance Analysis of Several GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Models. Sensors 2015, 15, 14701-14726. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150614701
Afifi A, El-Rabbany A. Performance Analysis of Several GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Models. Sensors. 2015; 15(6):14701-14726. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150614701
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfifi, Akram, and Ahmed El-Rabbany. 2015. "Performance Analysis of Several GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Models" Sensors 15, no. 6: 14701-14726. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150614701