A Fast Atmospheric Trace Gas Retrieval for Hyperspectral Instruments Approximating Multiple Scattering—Part 1: Radiative Transfer and a Potential OCO-2 XCO2 Retrieval Setup
"> Figure 1
<p>Basic radiative transfer setup with an absorbing atmosphere, a surface with Lambertian reflectance, and an optically thin semi-transparent layer which can partly transmit, absorb, or scatter light in an isotropic way. <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> is the solar incoming flux, <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> and <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>θ</mi> </semantics> </math> are the solar and satellite zenith angles, and <span class="html-italic">I</span> is the radiance reaching the satellite instrument split into components as discussed in the main text. Red represents radiation originating from direct illumination of the surface. Green represents radiation originating from direct illumination of the scattering layer. Arrows represent radiance components reaching the satellite instrument originating from the surface (solid) or from the scattering layer (dashed). Waved lines represent diffuse radiant fluxes.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Spherical geometry of the Earth’s atmosphere with the Earth’s radius <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math>, the (solar or satellite) zenith angle <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>θ</mi> </semantics> </math> at the surface and at the heights <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </semantics> </math>.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>SCIATRAN simulated OCO-2 measurement fitted with FOCAL. Geophysical <span class="html-italic">baseline</span> scenario and <span class="html-italic">0-Scat</span> retrieval setup, <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> = 40°, parallel polarization. See <a href="#sec3dot2-remotesensing-09-01159" class="html-sec">Section 3.2</a> for definitions of geophysical scenarios and retrieval setups. <b>Top</b>: Simulated and fitted radiance measurement in gray and red, respectively. <b>Bottom</b>: Simulated measurement noise and fit residual <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> (fit minus measurement) in gray and red, respectively. An estimate of the goodness of fit (relative to the noise) in fit window <span class="html-italic">j</span> is computed by <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mspace width="4pt"/> <msubsup> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msubsup> <mspace width="0.166667em"/> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mspace width="0.166667em"/> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mo>Δ</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math>.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>CO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> a priori error covariance computed from randomly chosen SECM2016 profiles and corresponding CT2016 profiles. The CO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> layer variances have been up-scaled so that the a priori XCO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> uncertainty becomes 10 ppm (1 ppm without scaling). <b>Left</b>: Layer-to-layer correlation matrix of the a priori uncertainty. <b>Right</b>: 1<math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>σ</mi> </semantics> </math> a priori uncertainty.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>As <a href="#remotesensing-09-01159-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> but for H<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>O and estimated from day-to-day variations of ECMWF analysis profiles (without variance scaling as done for CO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>).</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Jacobian matrix computed with FOCAL for the geophysical <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span> scenario and the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> retrieval setup. Within the CO2 fit windows, an additional line in light colors shows the partial derivatives according to <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> and <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> scaled by a factor of 10 and 20, respectively.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Error characteristics of nine retrieval setups and twelve geophysical scenarios. Each box includes six sub-boxes representing polarization parallel (left) and perpendicular (right) to the SPP as well as three solar zenith angles (20°, 40°, and 60°, from bottom to top). Gray boxes represent not converging retrievals. <b>Left</b>: Systematic error (retrieved minus true XCO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>). <b>Right</b>: Stochastic uncertainty as reported by the optimal estimation retrieval.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>As <a href="#remotesensing-09-01159-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a> (bottom) but for the <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span> scenario and the <span class="html-italic">0-Scat</span> setup (<b>top</b>), the <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span> scenario and the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> setup (<b>middle</b>), and the <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG+Water cloud</span> scenario and the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> setup (<b>bottom</b>).</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Retrieved scattering optical thickness, Ångström exponent, and height of the scattering layer for the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> setup and the scenarios (<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> = 40°): <span class="html-italic">baseline</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Dark surface</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Bright surface</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol cont</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol urban</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG+Water cloud</span>, and <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG+Ice cloud</span>.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>As <a href="#remotesensing-09-01159-f007" class="html-fig">Figure 7</a> but for XH<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>O.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>As <a href="#remotesensing-09-01159-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> but for a synthetic a priori error covariance matrix as proposed by Reuter et al. [<a href="#B30-remotesensing-09-01159" class="html-bibr">30</a>] but with a correlation length of 1.0 <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Same as <a href="#remotesensing-09-01159-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> but for a synthetic a priori error correlation matrix as proposed by Reuter et al. [<a href="#B30-remotesensing-09-01159" class="html-bibr">30</a>] but with a correlation length of 100 <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Retrieved and a priori CO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> profiles for the <span class="html-italic">0-Scat</span> and <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> retrieval setups and the geophysical scenarios <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span>, <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG</span>, and <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh+Aerosol BG+Ice cloud</span> (<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> = 40°, perpendicular polarization).</p> "> Figure 14
<p>XCO<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> and XH<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math>O column averaging kernels for the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> and <span class="html-italic">3-Scat-stiff</span> retrieval setups and the geophysical <span class="html-italic">Rayleigh</span> scenario (<math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> = 40°, perpendicular polarization).</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Retrieved solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence for the <span class="html-italic">3-Scat</span> retrieval setup and the geophysical <span class="html-italic">baseline</span>, <span class="html-italic">SIF</span>, and all scattering related scenarios. The error bars represent the 1<math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>σ</mi> </semantics> </math> a posteriori uncertainty.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Radiative Transfer
2.1. Radiance Transmission
2.2. Irradiance Transmission
2.3. Solar Radiation
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
2.9.
2.10. Approximations
2.11. Pseudo-Spherical Geometry
3. Retrieval
3.1. Setup
3.1.1. Measurement Vector y
3.1.2. Measurement Error Covariance Matrix
3.1.3. Forward Model
3.1.4. State Vector
3.1.5. A Priori Error Covariance Matrix
3.1.6. Jacobian matrix
3.1.7. Parameter Vector
3.1.8. A Posteriori Error Covariance Matrix
3.1.9. Convergence
3.2. Inversion Experiments
3.2.1. Retrieval Setups
3.2.2. Scenarios
3.2.3. Results
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Sphericity | plane-parallel |
---|---|
RT solver | vector discrete ordinates method |
Number of streams | 16 |
Number of legendre moments | 35 |
Band | Spectral Range [nm] | ||
---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Step | |
1 | 757.5 | 772.7 | 0.001 |
2 | 1594.0 | 1621.8 | 0.005 |
3 | 2046.5 | 2082.2 | 0.005 |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | off | off | off |
Aerosols | off | off | off |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosols | off | off | off |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosols | off | off | off |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosols | off | off | off |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | ocean (wind speed = 5 m/s, 37° relative to the SPP) | ||
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | continental | continental | continental |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 0.884 (694 nm) | 0.757 (1536 nm) | 0.796 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 0.847 (860 nm) | 0.762 (1800 nm) | 0.774 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.630 (694 nm) | 0.638 (1536 nm) | 0.709 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.630 (860 nm) | 0.672 (1800 nm) | 0.731 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | continental | continental | continental |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 0.884 (694 nm) | 0.757 (1536 nm) | 0.796 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 0.847 (860 nm) | 0.762 (1800 nm) | 0.774 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.630 (694 nm) | 0.638 (1536 nm) | 0.709 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.630 (860 nm) | 0.672 (1800 nm) | 0.731 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | urban | urban | urban |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 0.635 (694 nm) | 0.461 (1536 nm) | 0.381 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 0.593 (860 nm) | 0.409 (1800 nm) | 0.348 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.586 (694 nm) | 0.566 (1536 nm) | 0.584 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.584 (860 nm) | 0.574 (1800 nm) | 0.583 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | urban | urban | urban |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 0.635 (694 nm) | 0.461 (1536 nm) | 0.381 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 0.593 (860 nm) | 0.409 (1800 nm) | 0.348 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.586 (694 nm) | 0.566 (1536 nm) | 0.584 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.584 (860 nm) | 0.574 (1800 nm) | 0.583 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | off | off | off |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | |||
Base altitude [km] | 3.001 | 3.001 | 3.001 |
Top altitude [km] | 2.999 | 2.999 | 2.999 |
Cloud Type | Water | Water | Water |
Optical Thickness at 500 nm | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.039 |
LWP [g/m] | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 |
Phase function | Greek-12 | Greek-12 | Greek-12 |
Parameter | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Albedo | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Rayleigh scattering | on | on | on |
Aerosol Layer 1 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 29.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 2 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Aerosol Layer 3 | |||
Top altitude [km] | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Aerosol type | background | background | background |
Phase Function | Mie | Mie | Mie |
Single Scattering Albedo 1 | 1.000 (694 nm) | 0.998 (1536 nm) | 0.969 (2000 nm) |
Single Scattering Albedo 2 | 1.000 (860 nm) | 0.989 (1800 nm) | 0.942 (2250 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 1 | 0.694 (694 nm) | 0.447 (1536 nm) | 0.322 (2000 nm) |
Asymmetry Factor 2 | 0.650 (860 nm) | 0.372 (1800 nm) | 0.269 (2250 nm) |
Clouds | |||
Base altitude [km] | 8.001 | 8.001 | 8.001 |
Top altitude [km] | 7.999 | 7.999 | 7.999 |
Cloud Type | Ice | Ice | Ice |
Optical Thickness at 500 nm | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
IWP [g/m] | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Phase function | Greek_Fractal_50 | Greek_Fractal_50 | Greek_Fractal_50 |
References
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State Vector Element | Fit Window Sensitivity | , | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIF | O | wCO | sCO | |||||
• | 0.1 | 0.0016 | 1.00 | |||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0008 | 0.99 | ||||
• | 0.1 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
• | 0.1 | 0.0001 | 1.00 | |||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
• | 0.1 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
• | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | 1.00 | |||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0002 | 0.94 | |||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
• | 1.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
• | 1.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
[nm] | • | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | |||
• | 1.0 | 0.01 | 0.0000 | 1.00 | ||||
[mW/m/sr/nm] | • | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.29 | 1.00 | |||
[] | • | • | • | • | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.002 | 1.00 |
• | • | • | • | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.0001 | 1.00 | |
Å | • | • | • | • | 4.0 | 2.0 | 0.29 | 0.98 |
HO L [ppm] | • | • | ECMWF | 2179.9 | 497.5 | 0.84 | ||
HO L [ppm] | • | • | ECMWF | 2186.9 | 849.8 | 0.55 | ||
HO L [ppm] | • | • | ECMWF | 1066.0 | 415.2 | 0.59 | ||
HO L [ppm] | • | • | ECMWF | 205.4 | 151.4 | 0.21 | ||
HO L [ppm] | • | • | ECMWF | 2.67 | 2.59 | 0.00 | ||
CO L [ppm] | • | • | SECM2016 | 21.8 | 6.5 | 0.65 | ||
CO L [ppm] | • | • | SECM2016 | 14.1 | 4.3 | 0.29 | ||
CO L [ppm] | • | • | SECM2016 | 12.7 | 6.1 | 0.27 | ||
CO L [ppm] | • | • | SECM2016 | 12.0 | 5.9 | 0.42 | ||
CO L [ppm] | • | • | SECM2016 | 16.8 | 9.9 | 0.60 | ||
XHO [ppm] | ECMWF | 898.2 | 9.2 | 2.2 | ||||
XCO [ppm] | SECM2016 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 2.2 |
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Reuter, M.; Buchwitz, M.; Schneising, O.; Noël, S.; Rozanov, V.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J.P. A Fast Atmospheric Trace Gas Retrieval for Hyperspectral Instruments Approximating Multiple Scattering—Part 1: Radiative Transfer and a Potential OCO-2 XCO2 Retrieval Setup. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111159
Reuter M, Buchwitz M, Schneising O, Noël S, Rozanov V, Bovensmann H, Burrows JP. A Fast Atmospheric Trace Gas Retrieval for Hyperspectral Instruments Approximating Multiple Scattering—Part 1: Radiative Transfer and a Potential OCO-2 XCO2 Retrieval Setup. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(11):1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111159
Chicago/Turabian StyleReuter, Maximilian, Michael Buchwitz, Oliver Schneising, Stefan Noël, Vladimir Rozanov, Heinrich Bovensmann, and John P. Burrows. 2017. "A Fast Atmospheric Trace Gas Retrieval for Hyperspectral Instruments Approximating Multiple Scattering—Part 1: Radiative Transfer and a Potential OCO-2 XCO2 Retrieval Setup" Remote Sensing 9, no. 11: 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111159