GF-3 SAR Ocean Wind Retrieval: The First View and Preliminary Assessment
<p>Map of footprints of GF-3 SAR acquisitions (red boxes) in the area of (<b>a</b>) U.S. west coast; (<b>b</b>) Hawaiian region; (<b>c</b>) South Pacific Ocean; (<b>d</b>) Korean coast. The blue dots denote the location of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>A katabatic wind case of GF-3 SAR image taken at 14:31 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) (07:31 in local time) on 6 January 2017 in the Western U.S. coastal region: (<b>a</b>) Normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) at VV-polarization; (<b>b</b>) ocean surface wind inverted from VV NRCS using Geophysical Model Function (GMF) of CMOD5.N; (<b>c</b>) ocean surface wind from European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The NDBC buoys of 46015, 46027, and 46022 are depicted as dots in blue, green, and red respectively.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Scatter plots of wind retrievals from GF-3 SAR (VV-polarization) against NDBC buoy observations for wind speed (<b>left panels</b>) and wind direction (<b>right panels</b>). GF-3 winds estimated using GMF of CMOD5.N, CMOD-IFR2, CSARMOD_VV are presented from upper to bottom panels. Points with color indicate the incidence angle, and different markers present different imaging modes of GF-3, according to the legend.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>As in <a href="#remotesensing-09-00694-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>, but for HH-polarized GF-3 SAR wind retrievals. GF-3 wind estimated using GMF of CMOD-5.N with of Zhang et al. [<a href="#B10-remotesensing-09-00694" class="html-bibr">10</a>], GMF of CMOD5.N with of Mouche et al. [<a href="#B9-remotesensing-09-00694" class="html-bibr">9</a>], and GMF of C-SARMOD_HH are presented from upper to bottom panels.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Scatter plots of GF-3 SAR wind retrievals against NDBC buoy observations for wind speed (<b>left</b>) and wind direction (<b>right</b>). GF-3 winds are estimated using the GMF of CMOD5.N and the PR of Zhang et al. [<a href="#B10-remotesensing-09-00694" class="html-bibr">10</a>], for HH-polarization. Points with color indicate the incidence angle, and different markers present different polarizations of GF-3, according to the legend.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of Collocated Data Sets
2.1. GF-3 SAR Data
2.2. Buoy Data
3. GF-3 SAR Wind Retrieval Scheme
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. GF-3 SAR Wind: The Case of Katabatic Wind
4.2. GF-3 SAR Winds from VV-Polarization
4.3. GF-3 SAR Winds from HH-Polarization
4.4. GF-3 SAR Winds General Validation Statistics
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Imaging Mode 1 | Polarization | Resolution (m) | Swath (Km) | Num of Synthetic Aperture Radar Scenes Used |
---|---|---|---|---|
SS | VV + VH or HH + HV | 25 | 130 | 26 |
QPSI | VV + HH + VH + HV | 8 | 30 | 3 |
QPSII | VV + HH + VH + HV | 25 | 40 | 5 |
FSI | HH + HV | 5 | 50 | 2 |
NSC | VV + VH | 50 | 300 | 1 |
Buoy ID | Latitude (°N)/Longitude (°W) | Buoy U10 (m/s) | GF-3 U10 (m/s) | Buoy Wind Direction (°) | GF-3 Wind Direction (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
46015 | 42.764/124.832 | 6.16 | 6.1 | 143 | 150.4 |
46027 | 41.852/124.382 | 6.16 | 4.2 | 104 | 112.2 |
46022 | 40.720/124.531 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 114 | 145.5 |
Polarization of GF-3 Data | Wind Speed | Wind Direction | GMF Used | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Bias (m/s) | RMSE (m/s) | N | Bias (°) | RMSE (°) | ||
All co-polarization | 56 | 0.66 | 2.46 | 45 | 1.35 | 22.22 | VV: CMOD5.n HH:CMOD5.n + PR model from Zhang et al. [10] |
VV | 14 | −0.15 | 2.34 | 14 | 4.85 | 21.91 | |
HH | 42 | 0.93 | 2.50 | 31 | −0.23 | 22.37 |
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Wang, H.; Yang, J.; Mouche, A.; Shao, W.; Zhu, J.; Ren, L.; Xie, C. GF-3 SAR Ocean Wind Retrieval: The First View and Preliminary Assessment. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070694
Wang H, Yang J, Mouche A, Shao W, Zhu J, Ren L, Xie C. GF-3 SAR Ocean Wind Retrieval: The First View and Preliminary Assessment. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(7):694. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070694
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, He, Jingsong Yang, Alexis Mouche, Weizeng Shao, Jianhua Zhu, Lin Ren, and Chunhua Xie. 2017. "GF-3 SAR Ocean Wind Retrieval: The First View and Preliminary Assessment" Remote Sensing 9, no. 7: 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070694