Surface Water Mapping from Suomi NPP-VIIRS Imagery at 30 m Resolution via Blending with Landsat Data
"> Figure 1
<p>Study area displayed as NPP-VIIRS Imagery bands (R3G2B1).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Three pairs of data sets from Landsat and NPP-VIIRS.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Flowchart of methodology.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) mNDWI image derived by IB approach; (<b>b</b>) mNDWI image derived from actual Landsat; (<b>c</b>) water map derived from BI approach; (<b>d</b>) BI mNDWI image derived by BI approach; (<b>e</b>) water map derived from IB approach; (<b>f</b>) water map derived from actual Landsat.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Intra-class variances of different threshold values on three mNDWI images, along with their optimal thresholds.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Difference between IB derived mNDWI and Landsat mNDWI; (<b>b</b>) difference between BI derived mNDWI and Landsat mNDWI.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Evaluation map of IB result; (<b>b</b>) evaluation map of BI result.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Materials
2.1.1. Study Area
2.1.2. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Pan-Sharpening of NPP-VIIRS
2.2.2. Blending NPP-VIIRS with Landsat OLI
2.2.3. Evaluating the Accuracy of Blending Results
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Blending Results
3.2. Comparison and Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
(Suomi) NPP-VIIRS | Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership |
STARFM | Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model |
ESTARFM | Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model |
mNDWI | modified Normalized Difference Water Index |
BI | Blend-then-Index approach |
IB | Index-then-Blend approach |
MSS | Multispectral Sacnner |
TM | Thematic Mapper |
ETM+ | Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus |
OLI | Operational Land Imager |
AVHRR | Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
MODIS | Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer |
NIR | Near Infrared |
SWIR | Short-wave Infrared |
GS | Gram-Schmidt |
MS | Multispectral |
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Spectral Region | Landsat OLI Band | Landsat OLI Wavelength (μm) | NPP-VIIRS Band | NPP-VIIRS Wavelength (μm) | Landsat OLI Pixel Size (m) | NPP-VIIRS Pixel Size (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coastal | 1 | 0.433–0.453 | M2 | 0.436−0.454 | 30 | 750 |
Blue | 2 | 0.450–0.515 | M3 | 0.478–0.488 | 30 | 750 |
* Green | 3 | 0.525–0.600 | M4 | 0.545–0.565 | 30 | 750 |
Red | 4 | 0.630–0.680 | M5/I1 | 0.662–0.682/0.600–0.680 | 30 | 750/375 |
NIR | 5 | 0.845–0.885 | M7/I2 | 0.846–0.885/0.850–0.880 | 30 | 750/375 |
* SWIR1 | 6 | 1.560–1.660 | M10/I3 | 1.580–1.640/1.580–1.640 | 30 | 750/375 |
SWIR2 | 7 | 2.100–2.300 | M11 | 2.230–2.280 | 30 | 750 |
Pan | 8 | 0.5000–0.680 | -- | -- | 15 | -- |
Cirrus | 9 | 1.360–1.390 | M9 | 1.371–1.386 | 30 | 750 |
Blending Approach | Omission Error (%) | Commission Error (%) | Overall Accuracy (%) | Kappa Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
IB | 2.72 | 1.02 | 96.26 | 0.87 |
BI | 5.04 | 0.39 | 94.57 | 0.80 |
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Huang, C.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, S.; Li, L.; Shi, K.; Liu, R. Surface Water Mapping from Suomi NPP-VIIRS Imagery at 30 m Resolution via Blending with Landsat Data. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080631
Huang C, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li L, Shi K, Liu R. Surface Water Mapping from Suomi NPP-VIIRS Imagery at 30 m Resolution via Blending with Landsat Data. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(8):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080631
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Chang, Yun Chen, Shiqiang Zhang, Linyi Li, Kaifang Shi, and Rui Liu. 2016. "Surface Water Mapping from Suomi NPP-VIIRS Imagery at 30 m Resolution via Blending with Landsat Data" Remote Sensing 8, no. 8: 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080631