Monitoring Wetlands Ecosystems Using ALOS PALSAR (L-Band, HV) Supplemented by Optical Data: A Case Study of Biebrza Wetlands in Northeast Poland
<p>Test site on MERIS RGB (7, 5, 2) composition with transects A–B and C–D marked by the red line for which chosen AVHRR data have been transformed into T<sub>s</sub> and MERIS data into NDVI values.</p> ">
<p>Accumulated values of air temperature (Acc T).</p> ">
<p>Accumulated values of precipitation (Acc P).</p> ">
<p>Red, Green, Blue (RGB) (4, 2, 1) composition of AVHRR image acquired on 24 April 2008.</p> ">
<p>RGB (10, 5, 3) composition of MERIS image acquired on 25 April 2010.</p> ">
<p>PALSAR FBD HV image acquired on 12 May 2008.</p> ">
<p>Map of wetland communities classified based on PALSAR HV image registered on 12 May 2008, placed on CLC classes.</p> ">
<p>Map of wetland communities classified based on PALSAR HV image registered on 1 May 2010, placed on CLC classes.</p> ">
<p>Plot of the LAI measured <span class="html-italic">versus</span> estimated from PALSAR HV images.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.2.1. In-Situ Data
2.2.2. Satellite Data
2.3. Classification of Wetlands Vegetation Habitats
2.4. Assessment of LAI
2.5. Calculation of Surface Temperature Ts and NDVI
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Wetland Habitat Types Classification Using ALOS Microwave Images
3.2. Prediction of Leaf Area Index
3.3. Ts and NDVI—Application of Optical Images
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Acc T1 (°C) | Acc T2 (°C) | Acc P1 (mm) | Acc P2 (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 249 | 415 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
2003 | 291 | 462 | 22.9 | 37.2 |
2004 | 216 | 347 | 31.7 | 83.1 |
2005 | 197 | 241 | 14 | 40.3 |
2006 | 183 | 277 | 19.5 | 28.6 |
2007 | 270 | 347 | 30.1 | 49.7 |
2008 | 155 | 236 | 33.8 | 45.7 |
2009 | 296 | 395 | 4.5 | 24.4 |
2010 | 191 | 225 | 34 | 66.4 |
Satellite Sensor | Spatial Resolution (m) | Polarization Spectral Range | Incidence Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|
ALOS PALSAR | 12.5 | HV, L (23.62 cm, 1.27 GHz) | 38.7 |
ENVISAT MERIS | 300 at nadir | 0.39–1.04 μm | nadir |
NOAA AVHRR | 1100 at nadir | 0.58–12.50 μm | nadir |
σ° Values (dB) | Class Name |
---|---|
from −11 to −16 | Scrubs |
from −16 to −19 | Sedges-Scrubs |
from −19 to −24 | Sedges |
from −24 to −25 | Reeds |
from −25 to −28 | Sedges-Reeds |
from −28 to −32 | Rushes |
Date | Class Name | Number of Pixels | Area (ha) | Area (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 May 2008 | Scrubs | 139,428 | 2178.56 | 4.54 |
Sedges-Scrubs | 560,074 | 8751.16 | 18.24 | |
Sedges | 991,821 | 15,497.20 | 32.30 | |
Reeds | 305,186 | 4768.53 | 9.94 | |
Sedges-Reeds | 896,605 | 14,009.45 | 29.20 | |
Rushes | 177,516 | 2773.69 | 5.78 | |
1 May 2010 | Scrubs | 691,233 | 10,800.52 | 22.59 |
Sedges-Scrubs | 657,072 | 10,266.75 | 21.47 | |
Sedges | 1,220,959 | 19,077.48 | 39.89 | |
Reeds | 243,535 | 3805.23 | 7.96 | |
Sedges-Reeds | 241,559 | 3774.36 | 7.89 | |
Rushes | 6192 | 96.75 | 0.20 |
2010/2008 | Scrubs | Sedges&Scrubs | Sedges | Reeds | Sedges&Reeds | Rushes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scrubs | 89.77 | 69.63 | 16.75 | 1.80 | 0.39 | 0.03 |
Sedges-Scrubs | 3.83 | 26.70 | 43.27 | 13.10 | 3.64 | 0.28 |
Sedges | 1.00 | 3.19 | 37.80 | 73.75 | 60.94 | 31.26 |
Reeds | 0.02 | 0.04 | 1.41 | 7.60 | 18.03 | 25.08 |
Sedges-Reeds | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.68 | 3.70 | 16.80 | 41.04 |
Rushes | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 2.30 |
Unclassified | 5.36 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Class Name | R2 (%) | Number of Observations | Standard Error of Est. | Equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scrubs | 84.81 | 20 | 0.13 | LAI = 0.24σ° + 8.06 |
Sedges-Scrubs | 72.74 | 29 | 0.45 | LAI = 0.34σ° + 10.58 |
Sedges | 81.61 | 25 | 0.30 | LAI = 0.35σ° + 11.35 |
Reeds | 79.77 | 22 | 0.46 | LAI = 1.12σ° + 28.86 |
Sedges-Reeds | 74.70 | 26 | 0.57 | LAI = 0.57σ° + 17.87 |
Rushes | 78.79 | 21 | 0.35 | LAI = 1.27σ° + 39.89 |
Date | LAI | Number of Pixels | Area (ha) | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 May 2008 | <1 | 41,609 | 650.14 | 1.36 |
1–2 | 295,858 | 4622.78 | 9.64 | |
2–3 | 560,491 | 8757.67 | 18.25 | |
3–4 | 1,037,343 | 16,208.48 | 33.78 | |
4–5 | 1,083,080 | 16,923.13 | 35.27 | |
5–6 | 52,244 | 816.31 | 1.70 | |
1 May 2010 | <1 | 26,155 | 408.67 | 0.85 |
1–2 | 219,400 | 3428.13 | 7.17 | |
2–3 | 117,812 | 1840.81 | 3.85 | |
3–4 | 951,642 | 14,869.41 | 31.09 | |
4–5 | 1,545,537 | 24,149.02 | 50.50 | |
5–6 | 200,003 | 3125.05 | 6.53 |
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Dabrowska-Zielinska, K.; Budzynska, M.; Tomaszewska, M.; Bartold, M.; Gatkowska, M.; Malek, I.; Turlej, K.; Napiorkowska, M. Monitoring Wetlands Ecosystems Using ALOS PALSAR (L-Band, HV) Supplemented by Optical Data: A Case Study of Biebrza Wetlands in Northeast Poland. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 1605-1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6021605
Dabrowska-Zielinska K, Budzynska M, Tomaszewska M, Bartold M, Gatkowska M, Malek I, Turlej K, Napiorkowska M. Monitoring Wetlands Ecosystems Using ALOS PALSAR (L-Band, HV) Supplemented by Optical Data: A Case Study of Biebrza Wetlands in Northeast Poland. Remote Sensing. 2014; 6(2):1605-1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6021605
Chicago/Turabian StyleDabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna, Maria Budzynska, Monika Tomaszewska, Maciej Bartold, Martyna Gatkowska, Iwona Malek, Konrad Turlej, and Milena Napiorkowska. 2014. "Monitoring Wetlands Ecosystems Using ALOS PALSAR (L-Band, HV) Supplemented by Optical Data: A Case Study of Biebrza Wetlands in Northeast Poland" Remote Sensing 6, no. 2: 1605-1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6021605