Interpretation of Aerial Photographs and Satellite SAR Interferometry for the Inventory of Landslides
<p>Diagram of degrees of hazard for some fall, slide and flow processes [<a href="#b4-remotesensing-05-02554" class="html-bibr">4</a>].</p> ">
<p>Photograph of the western-lower part of the deep-seated landslide in Osco around 1940 when the forest cover was much less dense than nowadays.</p> ">
<p>Sketch map of the deep-seated landslide in Osco from aerial photography interpretation with geomorphological features. The grid indicates the easting and northing coordinates in meters in the Swiss geographical projection.</p> ">
<p>Average displacement rates of point targets in the satellite LOS direction from ERS-1/2 SAR data for the time period 1992–2000, plotted on the sketch map with geomorphological features. Negative values indicate an increase in the distance from target to satellite; the red star indicates the location of the reference point. The displacement map from the ERS-1/2 SAR interferogram 1996.07.26–1997.08.15 is also shown using a different color scale for the western-upper part of the slope. The vectors indicate the horizontal and vertical displacements of some geodetic points determined with classical trigonometric techniques between 1992 and 2000. The numbers indicate the benchmarks of the profiles discussed in Section 4.</p> ">
<p>Average displacement rates of point targets in the satellite LOS direction from ENVISAT ASAR data for the time period 2003–2010, plotted on the sketch map with geomorphological features. Negative values indicate an increase in the distance from target to satellite; the red star indicates the location of the reference point. The displacement map from the ALOS PALSAR interferogram 2007.10.28–2010.06.20 is also shown using a different color scale for the western-upper part of the slope. The vectors indicate the horizontal and vertical displacements of some geodetic points determined with GPS between 2003 and 2010. The characters (a), (b), (c) and (d) indicate the geographical locations of the profiles shown in <a href="#f6-remotesensing-05-02554" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>. The dotted line shows the Alptransit tunnel.</p> ">
<p>Time series of PSI displacement rates in the satellite line-of-sight direction for selected points. The separate solutions of the ERS and ENVISAT PSI analyses are plotted on the same graph by aligning the first acquisition of the ENVISAT time-series to the ERS average displacement rate shown with a dotted line. The geographical location of the points is indicated in <a href="#f5-remotesensing-05-02554" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>. (<b>a</b>) Upper western part of the slope; (<b>b</b>) Rossura; (<b>c</b>) Carì; (<b>d</b>) Upper eastern part of the slope.</p> ">
<p>Inventory of the deep-seated landslide in Osco. Image background is a shaded relief of DHM25 (© Swisstopo). Legend according to [<a href="#b40-remotesensing-05-02554" class="html-bibr">40</a>]. Blue lines indicate major scarps. Blue numbers indicate the 3-dimensional displacement rates in cm/yr from geodetic monitoring for the period 1994–2000, while red numbers indicate the displacement rates in cm/yr from geodetic monitoring for the period 2010–2011.</p> ">
<p>Time series of ground motion from geodetic classical trigonometric techniques for selected benchmarks with average displacement rate shown by a dotted line. The geographical location of the benchmark points is indicated in <a href="#f4-remotesensing-05-02554" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>. (<b>a</b>) Benchmark # 32; (<b>b</b>) Benchmark # 38; (<b>c</b>) Benchmark # 83; (<b>d</b>) Benchmark # 81.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aerial Photography Interpretation
3. Satellite SAR Interferometry
4. Landslides Inventory
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Date | Fly Line | Photograph Number | Scale/Resolution |
---|---|---|---|
1961 | 9 | from 8,896 to 8,900 | 1:19,900 |
1961 | 14 | from 898 to 908 | 1:22,200 |
1961 | 15 | from 8,931 to 8,933 | 1:25,700 |
1961 | 16 | from 9,874 to 9,880 | 1:23,900 |
1961 | 33 | from 9,161 to 9,172 | 1:20,800 |
1976 | 358 | from 5,080 to 5,082 | 1:22,100 |
1976 | 368 | from 5,112 to 5,114 | 1:22,100 |
1976 | 366 | from 2,511 to 2,515 | 1:22,100 |
1977 | 15 | from 5,141 to 5,143 | 1:20,000 |
1988 | 102 | from 7 to 33 | 1:26,100 |
1988 | 103 | from 1 to 31 | 1:26,100 |
1988 | 104 | from 9 to 49 | 1:26,100 |
1988 | 105 | from 1 to 31 | 1:26,100 |
1989 | 40 | from 1,484 to 1,487 | 1:24,800 |
2001 | 148 | from 3,140 to 3,149 | 1:27,500 |
2001 | 152 | from 2,890 to 2,898 | 1:27,500 |
2001 | 156 | from 2,843 to 2,852 | 1:27,500 |
2009 | digital strips | 939, 1,001, 1,023 | 50 cm |
2011 | digital strips | 31, 51 | 50 cm |
Sensor | Track | Time Period | # Images |
---|---|---|---|
ERS-1/2 SAR | D 251 | 1992–2000 | 34 |
ENVISAT ASAR | D 251 | 2003–2010 | 29 |
ALOS PALSAR | A 645 | 2007–2010 | 2 |
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Strozzi, T.; Ambrosi, C.; Raetzo, H. Interpretation of Aerial Photographs and Satellite SAR Interferometry for the Inventory of Landslides. Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 2554-2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052554
Strozzi T, Ambrosi C, Raetzo H. Interpretation of Aerial Photographs and Satellite SAR Interferometry for the Inventory of Landslides. Remote Sensing. 2013; 5(5):2554-2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052554
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrozzi, Tazio, Christian Ambrosi, and Hugo Raetzo. 2013. "Interpretation of Aerial Photographs and Satellite SAR Interferometry for the Inventory of Landslides" Remote Sensing 5, no. 5: 2554-2570. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052554