Preliminary Studies on Atmospheric Monitoring by Employing a Portable Unmanned Mie-Scattering Scheimpflug Lidar System
<p>Schematic of the lidar system, LD: laser diode, F1 consists of an 808 nm interference filter and a RG715 long pass filter, F2: RG780 long pass filter, F3: RG780 long pass filter, Mirror 3 and Mirror 4: 10% reflection and 90% transmission mirrors, C1 and C2 are black-white cameras.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The portable unmanned Scheimpflug lidar system (<b>a</b>) system picture, the system was placed on the 7<sup>th</sup> floor balcony of an education building in Dalian University of Technology, (<b>b</b>) system layout, the double-end arrow indicates the fast axis of the laser diode.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Pixel-distance relationship, the inset figure shows a sketch of the laser beam image recorded by the CMOS sensor, a real laser beam image, measured by a Scheimpflug lidar system with an 800 mm focal length Newtonian telescope, is referred to Figure 7 in [<a href="#B30-remotesensing-11-00837" class="html-bibr">30</a>] (<b>b</b>) range resolution vs. measurement distance. Focal length: 750 mm, tilt angle 45°, pixel pitch 5.5 µm, number of horizontal pixels 2048, transmitter-receiver separation 756 mm, distance of the calibration target 1308 m, and the pixel position of the backscattering signal from the calibration building is 1750.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Temporal-spatial map of the (<b>a</b>) received signal intensity and (<b>b</b>) the atmospheric extinction coefficient. The measurements were performed on a near horizontal path with an elevation angle of 5°. Location of the lidar system: 38°52′46.4′′N 121°31′42.1′′E. The local times is 8 h ahead of the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). DN means digital number of the pixel intensity.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Experimental site map, the SLidar system was placed on the 7th floor balcony of the education building in Dalian University of Technology (DLUT) during the scanning measurements. The Qixianling and Xinghai national pollution monitoring stations can measure the particle concentrations every hour. The Micro-air sensor (Fairsense) was able to measure PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations every 15 min. Location of the lidar system: 38°53′00.7″N, 121°31′37.2″E. Azimuth angles for regions A, B and C are 249°–310°, 311°–321°, 322°–355°, respectively. The direction of east is defined as 0°.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Horizontal scanning map of the received signal intensity measured at (<b>a</b>) 11:53, 2018-09-20, (<b>b</b>) 12:11, 2018-09-20, (<b>c</b>) 15:13, 2018-09-20, (<b>d</b>) 16:24 2018-09-20, (<b>e</b>) 19:11 2018-09-20, (<b>f</b>) 01:22, 2018-09-20, (<b>g</b>) 02:27, 2018-09-21, and (<b>h</b>) 05:09, 2018-09-21. Location of the lidar system: 38°53′00.7″N, 121°31′37.2″E. The local times indicated in the sub figures are 8 h ahead of the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). DN means digital number of the pixel intensity.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Horizontal scanning map of the atmospheric extinction coefficient measured at (<b>a</b>) 11:53, 2018-09-20, (<b>b</b>) 12:11, 2018-09-20, (<b>c</b>) 15:13, 2018-09-20, (<b>d</b>) 16:24 2018-09-20, (<b>e</b>) 19:11 2018-09-20, (<b>f</b>) 01:22, 2018-09-20, (<b>g</b>) 02:27, 2018-09-21, and (<b>h</b>) 05:09, 2018-09-21. Location of the lidar system: 38°53′00.7″N, 121°31′37.2″E. The local times indicated in the sub figures are 8 h ahead of the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Vertical scanning map of the received signal intensities recorded at (<b>a</b>) 17:20, 15 October, (<b>b</b>) 20:00, 15 October, (<b>c</b>) 00:17, 16 October, (<b>d</b>) 01:37, 16 October, (<b>e</b>) 02:40 16 October, (<b>f</b>) 05:10 16 October, (<b>g</b>) 13:52 16 October, (<b>h</b>) 17:34 16 October. The lidar signals were plotted in log-scale. The PM10 concentrations were measured by the Xinghai national pollution monitoring station. Location of the lidar system: 38°53′00.7″N, 121°31′37.2″E. Zenith scanning range: 3°–36°. The local times indicated in the sub figures are 8 h ahead of the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). DN means digital number of the pixel intensity.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Instrumentation
2.1. Optomechanics and Electronics
2.2. Signal Acquisition and Processing
2.3. Pixel-Distance Relationship
3. Measurements
3.1. System Performance Validation
3.2. Atmospheric Horizontal Scanning Measurements for Pollution Source Tracking
3.3. Atmospheric Vertical Scanning Measurements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, Z.; Li, L.; Li, H.; Mei, L. Preliminary Studies on Atmospheric Monitoring by Employing a Portable Unmanned Mie-Scattering Scheimpflug Lidar System. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070837
Liu Z, Li L, Li H, Mei L. Preliminary Studies on Atmospheric Monitoring by Employing a Portable Unmanned Mie-Scattering Scheimpflug Lidar System. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(7):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070837
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zhi, Limei Li, Hui Li, and Liang Mei. 2019. "Preliminary Studies on Atmospheric Monitoring by Employing a Portable Unmanned Mie-Scattering Scheimpflug Lidar System" Remote Sensing 11, no. 7: 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070837