Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans
<p>Ship tracks of OceanRAIN across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during March 2014–February 2017 (blue crosses correspond to 8030 unique locations).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Probability density functions of GPM precipitation products and OceanRAIN precipitation over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during March 2014–February 2017 at (<b>a</b>) 0.5°, (<b>b</b>) 1°, (<b>c</b>) 2°, and (<b>d</b>) 3° spatial resolution.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Cumulative distribution functions of OceanRAIN and (<b>a</b>) IMERG early; (<b>b</b>) MW; (<b>c</b>) IMERG late; (<b>d</b>) IR; (<b>e</b>) IMERG final and (<b>f</b>) 3DPRD) at 0.5° (black) and 3° (red) spatial resolution during the study period. Precipitation rates on the x-axis are shown in logarithmic scale. Dashed lines correspond to satellite products, whereas solid lines correspond to OceanRAIN.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Performance diagrams for the IMERG products vs. OceanRAIN (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>g</b>) and vs. 3DPRD (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>,<b>h</b>) at 0.5° (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>), 1° (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>), 2° (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>), and 3° (<b>g</b>,<b>h</b>) spatial resolutions. Circles represent Probability of Detection (POD) and Success Ratio (SR) for different regions, ‘+’ indicates variance, dotted lines correspond to hit bias, and solid curves to Critical Success Index (CSI) values.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Taylor diagrams for the IMERG products vs. OceanRAIN (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>g</b>) and vs. 3DPRD (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>,<b>h</b>) at 0.5° (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>), 1° (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>), 2° (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>), and 3° (<b>g</b>,<b>h</b>) spatial resolutions. Standard deviation (SD dotted blue curves), RMSE (solid gray curves), and correlation (CC radial dotted black lines) are normalized with respect to the reference data. REF indicates the OceanRAIN/3DPRD-based reference metrics (with itself), i.e., SD and CC of 1 and RMSE of 0.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Mean precipitation rate (mm·h<sup>−1</sup>) for all precipitation products and (<b>b</b>) bias of the IMERG products against OceanRAIN (top panel) and 3DPRD (bottom panel) during the study period.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Spatio-Temporal Data Alignment
2.3. Performance Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Satellite | |||
---|---|---|---|
Reference | PSat ≥ th | Psat < th | |
PRef ≥ th | H | M | |
PRef < th | F | Z |
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RV ID | Sample Size | # Cases with Rain > 0 mm·h−1 | Time Series |
---|---|---|---|
Sonne-II | 60,168 | 58,083 | Nov 2014–Jan 2015 |
Roger | 10,763 | 8469 | Aug–Sep 2014 |
Polastern | 445,635 | 233,349 | Mar 2014–Oct 2016 |
Meteor | 20,299 | 19,358 | Mar 201–Mar 2016 |
Maria | 27,083 | 23,954 | Mar–Jun 2014 |
Investigator | 54,814 | 32,671 | Jan 2016–Feb 2017 |
World | 4879 | 3860 | Jan–Feb 2017 |
TOTAL | 623,641 | 379,744 | Mar 2014–Feb 2017 |
Triplet ID | Products | RMSE (mm·h−1) 0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3° | R2 0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3° |
---|---|---|---|
A | early | 0.35, 0.30, 0.22, 0.21 | 0.50, 0.45, 0.67, 0.53 |
3DPRD | 1.05, 0.50, 0.40, 0.53 | 0.32, 0.37, 0.36, 0.19 | |
OceanRAIN | 2.15, 1.61, 3.20, 2.88 | 0.07, 0.38, 0.05, 0.08 | |
B | late | 0.33, 0.29, 0.22, 0.21 | 0.48, 0.43, 0.62, 0.50 |
3DPRD | 1.07, 0.49, 0.40, 0.53 | 0.27, 0.40, 0.38, 0.20 | |
OceanRAIN | 2.14, 1.64, 3.18, 2.88 | 0.08, 0.35, 0.05, 0.08 | |
C | final | 0.32, 0.28, 0.23, 0.20 | 0.50, 0.43, 0.61,0.51 |
3DPRD | 1.09, 0.49, 0.40, 0.52 | 0.26, 0.40, 0.37, 0.21 | |
OceanRAIN | 2.12, 1.62, 3.22, 2.90 | 0.08, 0.35, 0.05, 0.07 | |
D | MW | 0.36, 0.32, 0.24, 0.22 | 0.62, 0.47, 0.71, 0.53 |
3DPRD | 1.02, 0.49, 0.40, 0.53 | 0.37, 0.42, 0.37, 0.19 | |
OceanRAIN | 2.21, 1.68, 3.32, 2.92 | 0.06, 0.33, 0.05, 0.08 | |
E | IR | 0.59, 0.38, 0.29, 0.23 | 0.04, 0.31, 0.63, 0.48 |
3DPRD | 1.86, 0.61, 0.48, 0.61 | 0.01, 0.31, 0.31, 0.12 | |
OceanRAIN | 2.62, 1.87, 3.84, 3.26 | 0.00, 0.37, 0.04, 0.09 |
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Khan, S.; Maggioni, V. Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030255
Khan S, Maggioni V. Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(3):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030255
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Sana, and Viviana Maggioni. 2019. "Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans" Remote Sensing 11, no. 3: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030255