Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Observations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer
"> Figure 1
<p>P3 Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) bi-axis scanner.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The Doppler Wind Lidar system inside the P3 aircraft, showing the laser (transceiver), data processing system, and cooling system from top to bottom. GPS represents the Global Positioning System, INS represents the Inertial Navigation System, RASP represents the Real-time Advanced Signal Processor, and TCU represents the Transceiver Control Unit.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Plots of the track (<b>a</b>) and intensity (<b>b</b>) of Tropical Storm Erika (2015) from the National Hurricane Center’s best track. The red line indicates the period of P3 observations.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) GOES satellite Infrared (IR) image and (<b>b</b>) visible image of Tropical Storm Erika (2015) on 26 August during the time of the P3 observations. The yellow arrow represents the shear direction. The colors in the IR image show the cloud top brightness temperature, with red and green colors indicating convective activity. In the visible image, the cloudy region indicates convection.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Plots of the earth-relative (<b>a</b>) and storm-relative (<b>b</b>) P3 aircraft track into Tropical Storm Erika (2015). Red circles represent the location of dropsonde deployments.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Plots of vertical wind profiles from the DWL (red) and GPS dropsonde (blue) observations. The wind comparison is plotted in a storm-relative framework, with the location of the observations shown in the title of each panel.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Scatterplot of the DWL measured wind speed (WS) versus dropsonde wind speed and the linear regress (red line). The blue line shows the 1:1 ratio, which is the line of perfect correlation. The regression equation, correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and bias are also shown.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Plots of the wind speed at 500 m (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) and 1 km (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) altitudes from the DWL two-dimensional (2D) analysis (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>) and Doppler radar observations (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>). Black crosses in the left panels indicate the location of the DWL wind observations used in the analysis, while black dashed lines indicate the radial distance from the center every 50 km.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Plot of the wind speed measured by the DWL at 25 m in Tropical Storm Erika (2015). The black crosses are the location of the DWL winds used in the 2D analysis. The black dashed lines indicate the radial distance from the center every 50 km.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Plots of the radial wind velocity at 25 m, 100 m, 500 m, and 1000 m altitudes, respectively. The black arrow represents the shear direction, while black dashed lines indicate the radial distance from the center every 50 km.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Height of the maximum tangential wind speed based on the DWL data in Tropical Storm Erika (2015). The black arrow represents the shear direction, while black dashed lines indicate the radial distance from the center every 50 km.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Plots of the relative vorticity (shading) and streamlines (contour) at (<b>a</b>) 250 m, (<b>b</b>) 500 m, (<b>c</b>) 750 m, and (<b>d</b>) 1000 m altitudes based on the DWL measured winds.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter (units) | Value | Comments |
---|---|---|
Wavelength (nm) | 1600 | Eyesafe for NOAA P3 DWL configuration |
Pulse energy (Joules) | 0.0015 | 0.0023 maximum |
Pulse repetition frequency (Hz) | 500 | Due to data processing limitations, the effective pulse repetition frequency is 166 Hz |
Pulse full width half maximum (m) | 90 | Full width half maximum of Gaussian pulse; duration is 320 ns |
Telescope diameter (m) | 0.10 | |
Scanner | Biaxial conical scanner side mounted starboard on P3 | |
Digitization rate (MHz) | 250 | |
Line of sight range gate (m) | ~90 | Sliding gate provides 45 m line of sight product |
Shot integration, nominal (seconds) | 1 | Nominal scan consists of 12 point step and stares with 1-s dwells |
Time between u,v,w profiles (seconds) | ~25 | Assumes 1 s dwells |
Distance between u,v,w profiles (km) | 3.75 | Assumes 150 m/s P3 ground velocity |
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Zhang, J.A.; Atlas, R.; Emmitt, G.D.; Bucci, L.; Ryan, K. Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Observations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060825
Zhang JA, Atlas R, Emmitt GD, Bucci L, Ryan K. Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Observations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(6):825. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060825
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jun A., Robert Atlas, G. David Emmitt, Lisa Bucci, and Kelly Ryan. 2018. "Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Observations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer" Remote Sensing 10, no. 6: 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060825