Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Life of Rubber Concrete on the Mesoscale
<p>Flowchart of aggregate generation.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The uniaxial stress–strain response: (<b>a</b>) tensile; (<b>b</b>) compressive.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Redefinition of tensile stiffness after damage.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Three types of CE: (<b>a</b>) shared nodes; (<b>b</b>) tie constraint; (<b>c</b>) contact interaction.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Aggregates and ITZ generated in ABAQUS.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Traction separation relationship.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>RC beams with different dosing: (<b>a</b>) 0; (<b>b</b>) 2.5%; (<b>c</b>) 5%; (<b>d</b>) 7.5%; (<b>e</b>) 10%.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Load loading schematic.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Experimental and simulated fatigue life.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Load–deflection curve.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Damage to ordinary concrete and location of damage sampling.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>RC SDEG with different mixes for static pressure loading: (<b>a</b>) 0; (<b>b</b>) 2.5%; (<b>c</b>) 5%; (<b>d</b>) 7.5%; (<b>e</b>) 10%.</p> "> Figure 12 Cont.
<p>RC SDEG with different mixes for static pressure loading: (<b>a</b>) 0; (<b>b</b>) 2.5%; (<b>c</b>) 5%; (<b>d</b>) 7.5%; (<b>e</b>) 10%.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>SDEG of ordinary concrete under different stress levels: (<b>a</b>) S = 0.9; (<b>b</b>) S = 0.85; (<b>c</b>) S = 0.8; (<b>d</b>) S = 0.75.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>SDEG of RC-2.5 under different stress levels: (<b>a</b>) S = 0.9; (<b>b</b>) S = 0.85; (<b>c</b>) S = 0.8; (<b>d</b>) S = 0.75.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>SDEG of RC-5 under different stress levels: (<b>a</b>) S = 0.9; (<b>b</b>) S = 0.85; (<b>c</b>) S = 0.8; (<b>d</b>) S = 0.75.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>SDEG of RC-7.5 under different stress levels: (<b>a</b>) S = 0.9; (<b>b</b>) S = 0.85; (<b>c</b>) S = 0.8; (<b>d</b>) S = 0.75.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>SDEG of RC-10 under different stress levels: (<b>a</b>) S = 0.9; (<b>b</b>) S = 0.85; (<b>c</b>) S = 0.8; (<b>d</b>) S = 0.75.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Fatigue life of different rubber doping at different stress levels.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Relationship between stress level and fatigue life of different rubber doping.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>Fitting relationship between different rubber doping stress levels and fatigue life.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modeling Methods
2.1. Mesoscale Model Geometry Generation
2.2. Constitutive Model of Concrete
2.3. CE Model of the ITZ
3. Verification of the Model
3.1. Experiment
3.1.1. Experimental Materials
3.1.2. Experimental Test Methods
3.2. Building Mesoscale Models
3.3. Experimental Versus Simulation
3.3.1. Peak Load
3.3.2. Fatigue Life
4. Analysis of Variables
4.1. Force–Deflection Curves
4.2. Types of Damage
4.3. Fatigue Life
5. Discussion
5.1. Causes of Damage Types
5.2. Factors Influencing Fatigue Life
5.3. Potential Applications and Developments
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rubber Replacement Rate (%) | 5–10 mm (mm2) | 10–15 mm (mm2) | 15–20 mm (mm2) | Rubber (mm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 5612 | 8851 | 12,547 | 0 |
2.5 | 5612 | 8851 | 12,547 | 768 |
5 | 5612 | 8851 | 12,547 | 1537 |
7.5 | 5612 | 8851 | 12,547 | 2305 |
10 | 5612 | 8851 | 12,547 | 3074 |
40.26 | 1790 | 1.947 | 3.01 | 84 | 2.831 |
Dilation Angle | Eccentricity | K | |
---|---|---|---|
30 | 0.1 | 1.16 | 0.666 |
Normal Strength (MPa) | Tangential Strength (Mpa) | Normal Fracture Energy (N/mm) | Shear Fracture Energy (N/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aggregate-mortar ITZ 1 | 3.1 | 9 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
Rubber-mortar ITZ 2 | 2.8 | 8.4 | 0.028 | 0.084 |
Type | Coagulation Time (min) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial Condensation | Final Condensation | 3d | 28d | 3d | 28d | |
P·O 42.5 | 180 | 270 | 26.9 | 50.1 | 5.62 | 8.3 |
Type | Gradation (mm) | Fineness Modulus | Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Stacking Density (kg/m3) | Water Absorption (%) | Mud Content (%) | Crushing Value (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crushed stone | 5–20 | -- | 2775 | 1648 | 1.0 | 0.35 | 8.9 |
Sand | -- | 2.76 | 26.58 | 1736 | 1.3 | 1.9 | -- |
Type | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Poisson’s Ratio |
---|---|---|
Mortar | 36 | 0.2 |
Aggregate | 72 | 0.16 |
Rubber | 7 | 0.49 |
RC-0 | RC-2.5 | RC-5 | RC-7.5 | RC-10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental peak loads (KN) | 28.15 | 26.32 | 25.05 | 24.1 | 23.06 |
Simulated peak loads (KN) | 28.62 | 25.94 | 25.52 | 24.44 | 22.23 |
Error (%) | 1.67 | −1.44 | 1.88 | 1.41 | 3.60 |
RC-0 | RC-2.5 | RC-5 | RC-7.5 | RC-10 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S = 0.85 | experiment min/max | 1615/4236 | 2281/3459 | 1485/5883 | 2261/6781 | 3827/6832 |
simulation | 1742 | 2678 | 3824 | 5018 | 6779 | |
S = 0.75 | experiment min/max | 8654/15,432 | 9876/19,536 | 14,876/23,654 | 15,245/31,132 | 20,268/34,538 |
simulation | 11,812 | 14,208 | 19,081 | 24,085 | 32,742 |
RC-0 | RC-2.5 | RC-5 | RC-7.5 | RC-10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S = 0.9 | 135 | 243 | 581 | 792 | 986 |
S = 0.85 | 1742 | 2678 | 3824 | 5018 | 6779 |
S = 0.8 | 4212 | 5385 | 9821 | 12036 | 18735 |
S = 0.75 | 11,812 | 14,208 | 19,081 | 24,085 | 32,742 |
Type | Fitting Formula | R2 |
---|---|---|
RC-0 | 0.999 | |
RC-2.5 | 0.989 | |
RC-5 | 0.997 | |
RC-7.5 | 0.999 | |
RC-10 | 0.996 |
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Pei, X.; Huang, X.; Li, H.; Cao, Z.; Yang, Z.; Hao, D.; Min, K.; Li, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, S.; et al. Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Life of Rubber Concrete on the Mesoscale. Polymers 2023, 15, 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092048
Pei X, Huang X, Li H, Cao Z, Yang Z, Hao D, Min K, Li W, Liu C, Wang S, et al. Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Life of Rubber Concrete on the Mesoscale. Polymers. 2023; 15(9):2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092048
Chicago/Turabian StylePei, Xianfeng, Xiaoyu Huang, Houmin Li, Zhou Cao, Zijiang Yang, Dingyi Hao, Kai Min, Wenchao Li, Cai Liu, Shuai Wang, and et al. 2023. "Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Life of Rubber Concrete on the Mesoscale" Polymers 15, no. 9: 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092048