The Perizonium Ultrastructure, Divided Apical Pore Fields, Various Pore Occlusions and Visible Intermissio of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella apiculatophora</span> sp. nov., LM. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Two uncleaned cells. (<b>C</b>–<b>K</b>). Nine valves showing a size diminution series; note one shortened stria on the dorsal middle part (arrows in <b>C</b>,<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>, respectively) and the apiculate apices. (<b>I</b>). Illustration of the holotype specimen. Scale bars (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>C</b>–<b>K</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 2
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella apiculatophora</span> sp. nov., SEM, valve external view. (<b>A</b>). A frustule. (<b>B</b>). Middle part details; note ca. 5 stigmata (five arrowheads) and rounded or dumbbell-like (three arrows) outer openings of areolae. (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Details of two apices from <b>A</b>; note the apical field divided by the distal raphe fissure into two unequal areas—a larger area (LA) and a smaller area (SA)—and the rounded outer openings of areolae near each apex. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Two other middle part details; note ca. 5 stigmata (five arrowheads) and the rounded or dumbbell-like (four arrows) outer openings of areolae. Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>F</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 3
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella apiculatophora</span> sp. nov., SEM, valve internal view. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Two valves; note a shortened stria on the dorsal middle part (two arrows). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Middle part details, note ca. 4 or 5 stigmata (arrowheads) and obscured intermissio (two arrows, respectively). (<b>E</b>). Apical detail; note the apical field divided by the distal raphe fissure into two unequal areas: a larger area (LA) and a smaller area (SA). (<b>F</b>). Apical detail; note the columns of V-shaped occlusions (three arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>C</b>) = 2 μm, (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 4
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella apiculatophora</span> sp. nov., SEM. (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>). Details showing open girdle bands and a row of large, elongated pores located along the midline of copula (two arrows, respectively). (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>). Internal details; note manhole-shaped internal openings (arrows) and their rounded to oblong silica closing plates (wavy arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) = 2 μm, (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, LM. (<b>A</b>–<b>I</b>). Nine pre-normal valves; note that their somewhat vaulted outline. (<b>J</b>–<b>R</b>). Nine normal vegetative valves. Scale bar (<b>A</b>–<b>R</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 6
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, pre-normal valve, SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>). A complete pre-normal valve. (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>). Details from <b>A</b>. Note lineolate areola openings; most of them are oriented parallel to the apical axis, but some are oriented transapically or at an angle relative to the apical axis (arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 7
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>). A complete valve; note the lateral-reverse proximal raphe fissures. (<b>B</b>). Detail of middle part; note the stigma (arrow). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details; note that the distal raphe fissure does divide the apical pore field into two areas (arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 8
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, SEM, internal view. (<b>A</b>). A complete valve. (<b>B</b>). Detail of middle part; note the stigma (arrow) and obscured intermissio (wavy arrow). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details; note an undulate flap-like silica strip covering the internal apertures of each column of foramina but not occluding the apertures completely (two arrows, respectively). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 9
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hunanensis</span>, sp. nov., LM. (<b>A</b>–<b>N</b>). Fourteen valves in a series of diminishing size; note that a shortened stria is sometimes present on the dorsal central part (arrows). (<b>A</b>). Illustration of the holotype specimen. Scale bar (<b>A</b>–<b>N</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 10
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hunanensis</span>, sp. nov., SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>). Three valves; note that a shortened stria is sometimes present on the dorsal central part (arrow in <b>B</b>). (<b>D</b>). Middle part details; note the reniform closing plates (black arrows) and absence of a stigma. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Details of two apices from <b>C</b>. Note the apical field divided by the distal raphe fissure into two areas: a larger area (LA) and a small area (SA). Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 11
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hunanensis</span>, sp. nov., SEM, internal view. (<b>A</b>). A complete valve. (<b>B</b>). Middle part details; note the two internal proximal raphe endings interrupted by the central nodule (two arrows) and the absence of stigmata. (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Apical details. Note the apical field divided into two areas: a large area (LA) and a small area (SA). (<b>E</b>). Other middle part details; note the two internal proximal raphe endings interrupted by the central nodule (two arrows) and the absence of stigmata (arrows). (<b>F</b>). Details showing an undulate flap-like silica strip above the internal apertures of each column of foramina but not occluding the internal apertures completely (two arrows in <b>F</b>). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 12
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hustedtii</span>, LM. (<b>A</b>–<b>T</b>). Twenty valves in a series of diminishing size. Scale bar (<b>A</b>–<b>T</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 13
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hustedtii</span>, SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Two frustules; note girdle bands and split locations in girdle view. (<b>C</b>) Valve with valvocopula; note row of poroids along suture (three black arrowheads). (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>). Two apices; note that connective band surrounds insertion of each apex and that two valvocopulae split near apex (<b>E</b>, two vs; v = valvocopula). Scale bar (<b>A</b>–<b>E</b>) = 5 μm.</p> "> Figure 14
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hustedtii</span>, SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Two valves; note that the areolae close to the axis are smaller than the other areolae (<b>A</b>, arrows). (<b>C</b>,<b>F</b>). Details showing reniform external openings of areolae and reniform closing plates. Note the struts attached to the areola lumens on either the dorsal or ventral side (arrows and wavy arrows, respectively). (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>). Two apical details. Note the apical field divided by the distal raphe fissure into two unequal areas: a larger ventral area (LA) and a smaller dorsal area (SA). Scale bars (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) = 5 μm, (<b>C</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 15
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella hustedtii</span>, SEM, internal view. (<b>A</b>,<b>E</b>). Two complete valves. (<b>B</b>,<b>F</b>). Middle part details; note that the intermissio is clearly visible (not obscured by a silica hood; two arrows, respectively). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details; note the apical field composed of two areas—a larger area (LA) and a smaller area (SA)—and an undulate flap-like silica strip covering the internal apertures of each column of foramina but not occluding the internal apertures completely (two arrows in <b>D</b>). Scale bars (<b>A</b>,<b>E</b>) = 3 μm, (<b>B</b>,<b>F</b>) = 1 μm, (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) = 400 nm.</p> "> Figure 16
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella juglandis</span>, sp. nov., LM. (<b>A</b>–<b>M</b>). Thirteen valves in a series of diminishing size; note that the ventral margin becomes straighter and straighter in smaller specimens. (<b>A</b>). Illustration of the holotype specimen. Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>M</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 17
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella juglandis</span>, sp. nov., SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>). Three valves; note the almost straight raphes and the acute apices. (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>). Middle part details; note that ca. 2–4 terminal areolae in the dorsal central part have different shapes from the others (wavy arrows) and that ca. 4–7 terminal areolae in the ventral central part also have different shapes from the others (arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 18
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella juglandis</span>, sp. nov., SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>–<b>F</b>). Apical details. Note the apical field divided by the distal raphe fissure into two areas: a larger area on the ventral side (LA) and a small area on the dorsal side (SA). Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 19
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella juglandis</span>, sp. nov., SEM, internal view. (<b>A</b>). A complete valve. (<b>B</b>). Middle part details; note the obscured intermissio (two arrows) and absence of stigmata. (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Apical details; note the apical field divided into two areas—a large area (LA) and a small area (SA)—and an undulate flap-like silica strip above internal apertures of each row of foramina but not occluding the internal apertures completely (two arrows in <b>D</b>). (<b>E</b>). Other middle part details; note the obscured intermissio (two wavy arrows) and absence of stigmata (arrows). (<b>F</b>). Details showing the walnut-kernel-like closing plates (arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 4 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 20
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., LM. (<b>A</b>). Initial valve or pre-normal valve; note its vaulted outline. (<b>B</b>–<b>L</b>). Eleven normal vegetative valves in a series of diminishing size. (<b>B</b>). Illustration of the holotype specimen. Scale bar (<b>A</b>–<b>L</b>) = 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 21
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., pre-normal valve, SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>). Pre-normal valve. (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>). Details from (<b>A</b>); note stigmata (arrowheads), various areola openings and orientations (arrows) and poorly developed apical pore fields. Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 22
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., SEM, external view. (<b>A</b>). Normal valve. (<b>B</b>). Detail of middle part, note stigmata (arrows). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details, note that the distal raphe fissure does not divide the apical pore field into two areas (two arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 23
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., SEM, internal view. (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>). Two complete valves. (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>). Details of the middle part; note the stigmata (arrows) and mushroom-shaped closing plates (wavy arrows). (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Two apical details; note that there is an undulate flap-like silica strip above the internal apertures of each row of foramina but not occluding the internal apertures completely (two arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) = 2 μm.</p> "> Figure 24
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, SEM, initial valve. (<b>A</b>). An initial valve. (<b>B</b>). Detail of the middle part; note the irregular central nodule and two proximal raphe endings (two arrows). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details; note the perizonium composed of a node (two arrows) and internode (wavy arrow). (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Details showing that the perizonium covers the valve surface before being removed (two arrows). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 4 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 25
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> cf. <span class="html-italic">excisiformis</span>, SEM, details of perizonium. (<b>A</b>–<b>D</b>). The structures of the perizonium, which is composed of two parts: the nodes and the internodes (labeled in <b>A</b>). The internode is also composed of two parts: strips and openings between them (labelled in <b>D</b>). Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) = 1 μm, (<b>D</b>) = 400 nm.</p> "> Figure 26
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., SEM, initial frustule. (<b>A</b>). An initial frustule. (<b>B</b>). Detail of the middle part; note the rectangle to oblong external openings of areolae and two girdle bands (two arrows). (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Two apical details; note that the perizonium encloses the entire frustule, the rectangle to oblong external openings of areolae (white arrow) and irregular apical pore field (black arrow). (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Details showing that the perizonium covers the valve surface and irregular apical pore field (one black arrow). Scale bars (<b>A</b>) = 10 μm, (<b>B</b>–<b>E</b>) = 3 μm, (<b>D</b>,<b>F</b>) = 1 μm.</p> "> Figure 27
<p><span class="html-italic">Cymbella menyuanensis</span> sp. nov., SEM, details of perizonium. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Details showing that the perizonium encloses the entire frustule (three arrows). (<b>C</b>). Detail showing that the perizonium is composed of two parts: the nodes and the internodes. The internode is also composed of two parts: strips and openings between them. Scale bars (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) = 3 μm.</p> "> Figure 28
<p>Areolae and their occlusions in five <span class="html-italic">Cymbella</span> species. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Shapes and sizes of external (<b>A</b>) and internal (<b>B</b>) openings and occlusions in <span class="html-italic">C. apiculatophora</span>. (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>). Shapes and sizes of external (<b>C</b>) and internal (<b>D</b>) openings and occlusions in <span class="html-italic">C. hunanensis</span>. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>). Shapes and sizes of external (<b>E</b>) and internal (<b>F</b>) openings and occlusions in <span class="html-italic">C. hustedtii</span>. (<b>G</b>,<b>H</b>). Shapes and sizes of external (<b>G</b>) and internal (<b>H</b>) openings and occlusions in <span class="html-italic">C. menyuanensis</span>. (<b>I</b>,<b>J</b>). Shapes and sizes of external (<b>I</b>) and internal (<b>J</b>) openings and occlusions in <span class="html-italic">C. juglandis</span>.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.2. Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon | Reference |
---|---|
C. aspera | [1] p. 192, plate 1, figure 5; [3] p. 138, figs. 1, 2 |
C. cognata | [5] p. 499, figs. 79, 80 |
C. baicalaspera | [6] p. 5, figs. 6, 7 |
C. golestanica (=Qinia golestanica) | [7] p. 100, figs. 13–15; [8] |
C. himalaspera | [9] p. 77, figure 3 |
C. hustedtii | [1] p.577, plate 193, figs. 1, 4 |
C. latarea | [10] p. 81, figs. 42, 44 |
C. loescherae | [11] p. 193, figure 15 |
C. neoleptoceros | [1] p. 503, plate 156, figure 5 |
C. olgae | [5] p. 496, figs. 51, 53 |
C. orientalis | [4] p.102, figs. 17, 18, 22 |
C. orientalis var. delicatula | [12] p. 460, figs. 16–19 |
C. peraspera | [1] p. 453, plate 131, figure 6 |
C. sinensis | [1] p. 433, plate 121, figure 7 |
C. subhimalaspera | [9] p. 81, figs. 3, 4 |
C. subleptoceros | [1] p. 501, plate 155, figs. 1, 3, 6 |
Taxon | Shape of Internal Occlusions | Reference |
---|---|---|
C. arctica | Rounded closing plates | [1] p. 399, plate 104, figure 8 |
C. balkii | Manhole, rounded closing plate | [16] p. 198, figs. 14, 15 |
C. cognata | Likely reniform occlusion, eroded | [5] p. 499, figs. 79, 80 |
C. cymbiformis | Rounded closing plate | [1] p. 307, plate 58, figure 7; p. 309, plate 59, figs. 7, 8; p. 311, plate 60, figure 2; p. 319, plate 64, 4–6; p. 333, plate 71, figs. 7, 8 |
C. nepalensis | Rounded closing plate | [17] p. 330, figure 4e |
C. orientalis | Rounded closing plate | [4] p. 102, figs. 20, 21 |
C. orientalis var. delicatula | Rounded closing plate | [12] p. 460, figs. 16–19 |
C. schimanskii | Rounded closing plate | [1] p. 349, plate 79, figure 6 |
Feature | C. apiculatophora | C. neuquina | C. neuquina var. fastigata | C. orientalis | C. orientalis var. delicatula |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valve outline | Moderately dorsiventral | Moderately dorsiventral | Moderately dorsiventral | Weakly dorsiventral | Weakly dorsiventral |
Apices | Apiculate | Bluntly cuneate | Cuneately rounded | Narrowly rounded | Rounded cuneate, subrostrate |
Valve dimensions (μm) | Length 38–62, width 8–12 | Length 58–127, width (17)19–24 | Length 50–100, width 14.5–18.5 | Length 17.5–46, width 5.5–8.5 | Length 17.6–26.8, width 6–7.4 |
Central area | Trapezoid, more evident on dorsal side | Rounded, more evident on ventral side | Rounded, more evident on ventral side | Unilateral, transversely rectangular | Unilateral, transversely rectangular |
Striae in 10 µm | 11–12 (ventral) | 6–8 (dorsal and ventral) | 7–8 (dorsal and ventral) | 11–12 (dorsal), 10–12 (ventral) | 9–12 (dorsal), 10–13 (ventral) |
Areolae in 10 µm | 18–24 | 14–16 | 14–18 | Ca. 25 | 28–32 |
Apical pore field | Composed of two unequal areas | One undivided area | No data | Composed of two unequal areas | Composed of two unequal areas |
No. of stigmata | 4–6 | 1–4 | 1–4 | No stigma | No stigma |
Reference | This paper | [19] | [19] | [4] | [12] |
Feature | C. hunanensis | C. stigmaphora | C. subleptoceros |
---|---|---|---|
Valve outline | Slightly dorsiventral, almost rhombic–lanceolate | Slightly dorsiventral, rhombic–lanceolate | Slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate |
Apices | Cuneate, obtuse, not protracted | Acutely rounded | Narrowly rounded to acuminate– rounded |
Valve dimensions (μm) | Length 32–58, width 8.5–12.5, | Length 27–57, width 10.7–14 | Length 17–45, width 7.5–10 |
Central area | Elliptical | Absent | Absent |
Striae in 10 µm | 10–12 (dorsal), 11–13 (ventral) | 9–13 (dorsal and ventral) | 9–11 (dorsal and ventral) |
Areolae in 10 µm | 20–25 | 20–24 | 22–25 |
Stigmata | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Intermissio | Clearly visible, ca. 1.5 μm long | No data | Clearly visible |
Reference | This paper | [1] | [1] |
Feature | C. juglandis | C. shii | C. subleptoceros |
---|---|---|---|
Valve outline | Slightly dorsiventral, almost lanceolate | Dorsiventral, rhomboid–lanceolate | Slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate |
Apices | Acuminate | More or less obtusely rounded | Narrowly to acuminate–rounded |
Valve dimensions (μm) | Length 28–75, width 8–12, | Length 46–88, width 15–18 | Length 17–45, width 7.5–10 |
Striae in 10 µm | 10–12 (dorsal), 10–13 (ventral) | 8–9 (dorsal and ventral) | 9–11 (dorsal and ventral) |
Areolae in 10 µm | 22–27 | 15–19 | 22–25 |
Stigmata | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Intermissio | Obscured | No data | Clearly visible plate 155, Figure 2 |
Reference | This paper | [23] | [1] |
Feature | C. menyuanensis | C. neocistula | C. nepalensis | C. proxima |
---|---|---|---|---|
Valve outline | Strongly dorsiventral | Strongly dorsiventral | Strongly dorsiventral | Strongly dorsiventral |
Apices | Rostrate to subcapitate slightly bent towards dorsal side | Not protracted rounded | Broadly rounded | Not protracted rounded |
Valve dimensions (μm) | Length 46–91, width 12.5–20.5 | Length 34–110, width 12–19 | Length 37–118, width 15–27 | Length 38–120, width 18–24 |
Striae in 10 µm | 8–11 (dorsal and ventral) | 7–9 (dorsal and ventral) | 8–10 (dorsal and ventral) | 7–10 (dorsal and ventral) |
Areolae in 10 µm | 22–26 | 17–20 | 18–20 | 14–18 |
No. of stigmata | 3–6 | 3–5 | 4–6 | 2–5 |
Reference | This paper | [1] | [9,17] | [1] |
Taxon | Shape and Size of External Areola Openings | Shape and Size of Internal Areola Openings | Shape and Size of the Occlusions of Internal Areola Openings |
---|---|---|---|
C. apiculatophora | Rounded (diameter ca. 250 nm) or dumbbell-shaped (ca. 200 nm long and 120 nm wide) | Oblong, ca. 240 nm long and 200 nm wide | Rounded solid plate without strut, diameter ca. 200–240 |
C. cf. excisiformis | Lineolate, ca | Rounded, | No occlusion |
C. hunanensis | Reniform, ca. 420 nm long and 100 nm wide | Reniform, ca. 470 nm long and 240 nm wide | Reniform solid plate with one strut |
C. hustedtii | Reniform, ca. 410 nm long and 100 nm wide | Reniform, ca. 380 nm long and 250 nm wide | Reniform solid plate with one strut |
C. menyuanensis | Lineolate, ca. 580 nm long and 200 nm wide | Mushroom-shaped, ca. 160 nm long | Mushroom-shaped solid plate with one strut |
C. juglandis | Slit-like or oblong, ca. 340 nm long and 100 nm wide | Elliptical, ca. 280 nm long and 250 nm wide | Shaped like walnut kernels (vola) |
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Yang, B.; Liu, B.; Blanco, S.; Rioual, P. The Perizonium Ultrastructure, Divided Apical Pore Fields, Various Pore Occlusions and Visible Intermissio of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species. Plants 2024, 13, 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131851
Yang B, Liu B, Blanco S, Rioual P. The Perizonium Ultrastructure, Divided Apical Pore Fields, Various Pore Occlusions and Visible Intermissio of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species. Plants. 2024; 13(13):1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131851
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Bin, Bing Liu, Saúl Blanco, and Patrick Rioual. 2024. "The Perizonium Ultrastructure, Divided Apical Pore Fields, Various Pore Occlusions and Visible Intermissio of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species" Plants 13, no. 13: 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131851