Synthesis of Magnetic Wood Fiber Board and Corresponding Multi-Layer Magnetic Composite Board, with Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties
"> Figure 1
<p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic diagram of the three different magnetic fiber multi-layer board. (<b>B</b>) The experimental components the network analyzer: 1. EMW generator; 2. attenuator; 3. specimen holder; 4. attenuator; 5. EMW receiving terminal; 6. test sample.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>SEM and EDS images of the (<b>A</b>) untreated and (<b>B</b>) treated wood fibers. (3), (4) are EDS mappings of O and Fe for the separate wood fibers in <b>A</b>(2) and <b>B</b>(2), respectively. Insert: macro-structures of two samples. (<b>C</b>) is the SEM image of treated wood fibers in a large view. The typical particles and clusters in the spaces among the fibers and on the fiber surface are pointed to with yellow and green arrows, respectively.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>A</b>) XRD patterns of the untreated (black) and treated (red) wood fibers. (<b>B</b>) VSM curves of the untreated wood fibers (black), and magnetic wood fibers with impregnation time of 24 h (green), 48 h (blue), and 72 h (red), respectively.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>The reflection loss curves of the 3-layer composite magnetic board fabricated by a magnetic fiber core with the thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The reflection loss curves of the three-layer composite magnetic board fabricated by a magnetic fiber core with the thickness of 3 mm. The impregnation time was 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Frequency dependences of real parts (<b>A</b>) and imaginary parts (<b>B</b>) of complex permittivities, and the real parts (<b>C</b>) and imaginary parts (<b>D</b>) of complex permeabilities of the magnetic fiber boards with different impregnation time, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Plots of <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>″</mo> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> vs. frequency for all the as-prepared magnetic wood fibers.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Frequency dependences of <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>tan</mi> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> and <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>tan</mi> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> of magnetic wood: 24 h (black), 48 h (blue), and 72 h (red).</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Scheme of primary EMI absorbing processes in the magnetic fiber board (Left): interfacial polarization (Right) at the interfaces between Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and the carbohydrates from the wood fiber surface, and conductive network (Middle) constructed by magnetic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles attached on the wood fiber surface and in the spaces among these fibers (as observed in <a href="#nanomaterials-08-00441-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>C) are labeled as black.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>(<b>A</b>) The reflection loss curves of 3-, 5-, and 7-layer magnetic composite boards. (<b>B</b>) Schematic illustrating the EMW absorbing mechanisms for multi-layer magnetic composite boards perpendicular to the plane.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Preparation of Magnetic Wood Fibers
2.3. Preparation of Magnetic Fiber Core Board
2.4. Preparation of Magnetic Fiber Multilayer Board
2.5. Characterization and Property Measurement of the as-Prepared Samples
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological and Component Characterization of Magnetic Wood Fibers
3.2. Magnetic Properties of the Magnetic Wood Fibers
3.3. EMW Absorbing Properties of Magnetic Fiber Board
3.4. EMW Absorbing Properties of the Magnetic Composite Multi-Layer Board
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zhang, T.; Zhang, J.; Luo, H.; Deng, L.; Zhou, P.; Wen, G.; Xia, L.; Zhong, B.; Zhang, H. Facile approach to fabricate BCN/Fe-x(B/C/N)(y) nano-architectures with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption. Nanotechnology 2018, 29, 235701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lv, H.; Yang, Z.; Wang, P.L.; Ji, G.; Song, J.; Zheng, L.; Zeng, H.; Xu, Z.J. A Voltage-Boosting Strategy Enabling a Low-Frequency, Flexible Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Device. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1706343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qiao, M.; Lei, X.; Ma, Y.; Tian, L.; He, X.; Su, K.; Zhang, Q. Application of yolk-shell Fe3O4@N-doped carbon nanochains as highly effective microwave-absorption material. Nano Res. 2018, 11, 1500–1519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lou, Z.; Han, H.; Zhou, M.; Han, J.; Cai, J.; Huang, C.; Zou, J.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, H.; Sun, Z. Synthesis of Magnetic Wood with Excellent and Tunable Electromagnetic Wave-Absorbing Properties by a Facile Vacuum/Pressure Impregnation Method. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 1000–1008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jacobo, S.E.; Aphesteguy, J.C.; Lopez Anton, R.; Schegoleva, N.N.; Kurlyandskaya, G.V. Influence of the preparation procedure on the properties of polyaniline based magnetic composites. Eur. Polym. J. 2007, 43, 1333–1346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kong, I.; Ahmad, S.H.; Abdullah, M.H.; Hui, D.; Yusoff, A.N.; Puryanti, D. Magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of magnetite-thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2010, 322, 3401–3409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bouzidi, W.; Mliki, N.; Bessais, L. Structural and magnetic properties of new uniaxial nanocrystalline Pr5Co19 compound. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2017, 441, 566–571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Miquel, H.; Carbonell, J.; Sanchez-Dehesa, J. Modulation of electromagnic waves by alternating currents through left-handed ferromagnetic microwires. J. Appl. Phys. 2012, 111, 063901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carbonell, J.; Garcia-Miquel, H.; Sanchez-Dehesa, J. Double negative metamaterials based on ferromagnetic microwires. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81, 024401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shcherbinin, S.V.; Volchkov, S.O.; Lepalovskii, V.N.; Chlenova, A.A.; Kurlyandskaya, G.V. System based on a ZVA-67 vector network analyzer for measuring high-frequency parameters of magnetic film structures. Russ. J. Nondestr. Test. 2017, 53, 204–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, U.; Liljeholm, J.; Ebefors, T.; Oberhammer, J. Permeability Enhancement by Multilayer Ferromagnetic Composites for Magnetic-Core On-Chip Inductors. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 2014, 24, 677–679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marchessault, R.H.; Rioux, P.; Raymond, L. Magnetic cellulose fibres and paper: Preparation, processing and properties. Polymer 1992, 33, 4024–4028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oka, H.; Hojo, A.; Seki, K.; Takashiba, T. Wood construction and magnetic characteristics of impregnated type magnetic wood. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2002, 239, 617–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oka, H.; Narita, K.; Osada, H.; Seki, K. Experimental results on indoor electromagnetic wave absorber using magnetic wood. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 91, 7008–7010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.J.; Li, J.; Liu, Y.X. The Effect of Process Conditions on Properties of Nickel-plate of the Electroless Nickel-Plated Poplar Veneers. J. Northeast For. Univ. 2004, 32, 37–39. [Google Scholar]
- Zhu, J.Q.; Luo, C.H.; Huang, Z.E. Composition of wire net and wood veneer. China Wood Ind. 2001, 15, 5–7. [Google Scholar]
- Oka, H.; Tanaka, K.; Osada, H.; Kubota, K.; Dawson, F.P. Study of electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics and component parameters of laminated-type magnetic wood with stainless steel and ferrite powder for use as building materials. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 105, 07E701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oka, H.; Kataoka, Y.; Osada, H.; Aruga, Y.; Izumida, F. Experimental study on electromagnetic wave absorbing control of coating-type magnetic wood using a grooving process. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2007, 310, E1028–E1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, H.L.; Wu, G.Y.; Guan, H.T.; Zhang, G.L. In situ preparation and magnetic properties of Fe3O4/wood composite. Mater. Technol. 2012, 27, 101–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dong, Y.; Yan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Li, J. Combined treatment for conversion of fast-growing poplar wood to magnetic wood with high dimensional stability. Wood Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 503–517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oka, H.; Hojo, A.; Osada, H.; Namizaki, Y.; Taniuchi, H. Manufacturing methods and magnetic characteristics of magnetic wood. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2004, 272, 2332–2334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mashkour, M.; Ranjbar, Y. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@ wood flour/polypropylene nanocomposites: Physical and mechanical properties. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2018, 111, 47–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Quan, B.; Liang, X.; Ji, G.; Ma, J.; Ouyang, P.; Gong, H.; Xu, G.; Du, Y. Strong Electromagnetic Wave Response Derived from the Construction of Dielectric/Magnetic Media Heterostructure and Multiple Interfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 9964–9974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cave, I.D. Theory of X-ray measurement of microfibril angle in wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 143–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lou, Z.; Zhang, W.; Hu, X.; Zhang, H. Synthesis of a novel functional group-bridged magnetized bentonite adsorbent: Characterization, kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics and regeneration. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 2017, 25, 587–594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vestal, C.R.; Zhang, Z.J. Atom transfer radical polymerization synthesis and magnetic characterization of MnFe2O4/polystyrene core/shell nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14312–14313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Néel, L. Anisotropie magnétique superficielle et surstructures d’orientation. J. Phys. Radium 1954, 15, 225–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, T.; Liu, Y.; Zeng, X.; Cui, T.; Zhao, Y.; Li, Y.; Tong, G. Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4/C Core-Shell Nanorings for Efficient Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 7370–7380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, W.; Shao, Q.; Ji, G.; Liang, X.; Cheng, Y.; Quan, B.; Du, Y. Metal-organic-frameworks derived porous carbon-wrapped Ni composites with optimized impedance matching as excellent lightweight electromagnetic wave absorber. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 313, 734–744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Guo, H.; Dai, Y.; Geng, D.; Han, Z.; Li, D.; Yang, T.; Ma, S.; Liu, W.; Zhang, Z. Optimal electromagnetic-wave absorption by enhanced dipole polarization in Ni/C nanocapsules. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 083116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jian, X.; Xiao, X.; Deng, L.; Tian, W.; Wang, X.; Mahmood, N.; Dou, S. Heterostructured Nanorings of Fe-Fe3O4@C Hybrid with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 9369–9378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lu, B.; Huang, H.; Dong, X.L.; Zhang, X.F.; Lei, J.P.; Sun, J.P.; Dong, C. Influence of alloy components on electromagnetic characteristics of core/shell-type Fe-Ni nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104, 114313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, M.Z.; Zhang, Y.D.; Hui, S.; Xiao, T.D.; Ge, S.H.; Hines, W.A.; Budnick, J.I.; Taylor, G.W. Microwave magnetic properties of Co-50/(SiO2)(50) nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4404–4406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lv, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, J.; Ji, G.; Du, Y. Achieving excellent bandwidth absorption by a mirror growth process of magnetic porous polyhedron structures. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 1813–1822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, G.; Cheng, Y.; Yang, Z.; Jia, Z.; Wu, H.; Yang, L.; Li, H.; Guo, P.; Lv, H. Design of carbon sphere/magnetic quantum dots with tunable phase compositions and boost dielectric loss behavior. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 333, 519–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Impregnation Time | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
Mass Ratio (%) of Fe | 10.3 ± 1.2 | 27.0 ± 1.8 | 33.0 ± 1.5 |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lou, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, M.; Han, H.; Cai, J.; Yang, L.; Yuan, C.; Li, Y. Synthesis of Magnetic Wood Fiber Board and Corresponding Multi-Layer Magnetic Composite Board, with Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060441
Lou Z, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Han H, Cai J, Yang L, Yuan C, Li Y. Synthesis of Magnetic Wood Fiber Board and Corresponding Multi-Layer Magnetic Composite Board, with Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(6):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060441
Chicago/Turabian StyleLou, Zhichao, Yao Zhang, Ming Zhou, He Han, Jiabin Cai, Lintian Yang, Chenglong Yuan, and Yanjun Li. 2018. "Synthesis of Magnetic Wood Fiber Board and Corresponding Multi-Layer Magnetic Composite Board, with Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Properties" Nanomaterials 8, no. 6: 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060441