Easy Synthesis and Characterization of Holmium-Doped SPIONs
<p>Image of the co-precipitation of Ho-doped ferrite nanoparticles under NH<sub>3</sub> addition.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>TEM images of (<b>a</b>) undoped iron oxide SPIONs, and doped with (<b>b</b>) 1%; (<b>c</b>) 2.5%; (<b>d</b>) 5%; (<b>e</b>) 7.5%; (<b>f</b>) 10% of holmium obtained by co-precipitation (scale bar: 50 nm).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Histogram for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@2.5%Ho.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Size distribution by volume for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@2.5%Ho unmodified (blue curve) and modified with CEPA (black curve).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Thermograms of the SPIONs modified with 3-phosphoropropionic acid: (<b>a</b>) Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@1%Ho@CEPA, and (<b>b</b>) Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@2.5%Ho@CEPA.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>PXRD patterns of undoped and Ho-doped nanoferrite crystallites.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>XPS survey spectrum of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@2.5 at. % Ho nanoparticles.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>XPS spectra of (<b>a</b>) Fe 2p and (<b>b</b>) Ho 4d region for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@2.5%Ho SPIONs.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Magnetization isotherms for SPIONs with different Ho content measured at (<b>a</b>) 100 K and (<b>b</b>) 300 K.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Magnetization loops K for (<b>a</b>) Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, (<b>b</b>) Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@1% Ho registered at 100 K and 300 K from −200 Oe to 200 Oe.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Values of (<b>a</b>) saturation magnetization at 20.000 Oe and (<b>b</b>) coercive field as a function of holmium content in SPIONs measured at 100 K and 300 K. Error bars are smaller than the data symbols.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Temperature dependence of ZFC and FC magnetization at 100 Oe for nanoparticles doped with (<b>a</b>) 1% and (<b>b</b>) 2.5% of holmium.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Morphology Studies
3.2. Size Distribution and Zeta Potential Studies
3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.4. Crystallographic Structure
3.5. XPS Analysis
3.6. Magnetic Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wu, M.; Huang, S. Magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment (Review). Mol. Clin. Oncol. 2017, 7, 738–746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brzozowska, M.; Krysinski, P. Synthesis and functionalization of magnetic nanopartciles with covalently bound electroactive compound doxorubicine. Electrochim. Acta 2009, 54, 5065–5070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Banobre-López, M.; Teijeiro, A.; Rivas, J. Magnetic nanoparticles-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment. Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother. 2013, 18, 397–400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsuotoaka, T. Frequency dispersion of complex permeability in Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn spinel ferrites and their composite materials. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 2789–2796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hartshorne, H.; Backhouse, C.J.; Lee, W.E. Ferrofluid-based microchip pump and valve. Sens. Actuators B 2004, 99, 592–600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Condomitti, U.; Almeida, S.N.; Silveira, A.T., Jr.; de Melo, F.; Toma, H.E. Green Processing of Strategic Elements Based on Magnetic Nanohydrometallurgy. J. Baz. Chem. Soc. 2018, 29, 948–959. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bucak, S.; Jones, D.A.; Laibinis, P.E.; Hatton, T.A. Protein separations using colloidal magnetic nanoparticles. Biotechnol. Prog. 2003, 19, 477–484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, Z.; AdYi, P.W.; Sun, Q.; Lei, H.; Zhao, H.L.; Zhu, H.Z.; Smith, S.C.; Lan, M.B.; Lu, G.Q. Ultrasmall Water-Soluble and Biocompatible Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive and Negative Dual Contrast Agents. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 2387–2393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, L.; He, B.; Zhang, F. Facile one-pot synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles cross-linked magnetic poly(vinyl alcohol) gel beads for drug delivery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 192–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, J.; Piao, Y.; Hyeon, T. Multifunctional nanostructured materials for multimodal imaging, and simultaneous imaging and therapy. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 372–390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, W.; Li, X.; Zou, R.; Wu, H.; Shi, H.; Yu, S.; Liu, Y. Multifunctional glucose biosensors from Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified chitosan/graphene nanocomposites. Sci Rep. 2015, 5, 11129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, X.; Wen, F.; Creran, B.; Jeong, Y.; Zhang, X.; Rotello, V.M. Colorimetric protein sensing using catalytically amplified sensor arrays. Small 2012, 8, 3589–3592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Q.; Liu, J.; Yuan, K.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Fang, X. A multi-controlled drug delivery system based on magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4 nanopaticles and a phase change material for cancer thermo-chemotherapy. Nanotechnology 2017, 28, 405101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, F.H.; Gao, Q.; Ni, J.Z. The grafting and release behavior of doxorubincine from Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell structure nanoparticles via an acid cleaving amide bond: the potential for magnetic targeting drug delivery. Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 165103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pugazhendhi, A.; Edison, T.; Nesakumar, J.I.; Karuppusamy, I.; Brindhadevi, K. Inorganic nanoparticles: A potential cancer therapy for human welfare. Int. J. Pharm. 2018, 539, 104–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kievit, F.M.; Zhang, M. Surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 853–862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Safarik, I.; Baldikova, E.; Prochazkova, J.; Safarikova, M.; Pospiskova, K. Magnetically Modified Agricultural and Food Waste: Preparation and Application. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2018, 66, 2538–2552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cardoso, V.F.; Francesko, A.; Ribeiro, C.; Bañobre-López, M.; Martins, P.; Lanceros-Mendez, S. Advances in Magnetic Nanopartciles for Biomedical Applications. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2017, 7, 1–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cortajarena, A.L.; Ortega, D.; Ocampo, S.M.; Gonzalez-García, A.; Couleaud, P.; Miranda, R.; Belda-Iniesta, C.; Ayuso-Sacido, A. Engineering iron oxide nanoparticles for clinical settings. Nanobiomedicine 2014, 1, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stamopoulos, D.; Manios, E.; Gogola, V.; Niarchos, D.; Pissas, M. On the biocompatibility of Fe3O4 ferromagnetic nanoparticles with human blood cells. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2010, 10, 6110–6115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, L.; Jiang, W.; Luo, K.; Song, H.; Lan, F.; Wu, Y.; Gu, Z. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents for non-invasive stem cell labeling and tracking. Theranostics 2013, 3, 595–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maier-Hauff, K.; Ulrich, F.; Nestler, D.; Niehoff, H.; Wust, P.; Thiesen, B.; Orawa, H.; Budach, V.; Jordan, A. Efficacy and safety of intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy on patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neuro-Oncol. 2011, 103, 317–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maier-Hauff, K.; Rothe, R.; Scholz, R.; Gneveckow, U.; Thiesen, B.; Feussner, A.; Deimling, A.; Waldoefner, N.; Felix, R.; Jordan, A. Intracranial thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy: Results of a feasibility study on patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neuro-Oncol. 2007, 81, 53–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hasany, S.; Ahmed, I.; Rajan, J.; Rehman, A. Systematic review of the preparation techniques of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2012, 2, 148–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huber, D.L. Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles. Small 2005, 1, 482–501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Cuyper, M.; Joniau, M. Magnetoliposomes. Formation and structural characterization. Eur. Biophys. J. 1988, 15, 311–319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Silva, C.R.; Smith, S.; Shim, I.; Pyun, J.; Gutu, T.; Jiao, J.; Zheng, Z. Lanthanide(III)-Doped Magnetite Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6336–6337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Petran, A.; Radu, T.; Borodi, G.; Nan, A.; Suciu, M.; Turcu, R. Effects of rare earth doping on multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles properties. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 428, 492–499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kanasamy, G.; Maity, D. Recent advances in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for in vitro and in vivo cancer nanotheranostics. Int. J. Pharm. 2015, 496, 191–218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Raana, G.; Johri, U.C. A study on structural and magnetic properties of Ni-substituted magnetite nanopartciles. J. Alloys Compd. 2013, 577, 376–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mariotto, G.; Murphy, S.; Berdunov, N.; Ceballos, S.F.; Shvets, I.V. Influence of Ca and K on the reconstruction of the Fe3O4(001) surface. Surf. Sci. 2004, 564, 79–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Webelements. Available online: https://www.webelements.com/holmium/atom_sizes.html (accessed on 16 May 2018).
- Rekorajska, A.; Cichowicz, G.; Cyranski, M.K.; Grden, M.; Pekala, M.; Blanchard, G.J.; Krysinski, P. Synthesis and Characterization of Tb-Doped Nanoferrites. ChemNanoMat 2018, 4, 231–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chaturvedi, S.; Rabindranath, B.; Sathe, V.; Kulkarni, S.; Singh, S. Holmium induced enhanced functionality at room temperature and structural phase transition at high temperature in bismuth ferrite nanopartciles. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4, 780–792. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rice, K.P.; Russek, S.E.; Geiss, R.H.; Shaw, J.M.; Usselman, R.J.; Evarts, E.R.; Silva, T.J.; Nembach, H.T.; Arenholtz, E.; Idzerda, Y.U. Temperature-dependent structure of Tb-doped magnetite nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2015, 106, 062409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, W.; He, Q.; Jiang, C. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Functionalization Strategies. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2008, 3, 397–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Laurent, S.; Forge, D.; Port, M.; Roch, A.; Robic, C.; Elst, L.V.; Muller, R.N. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2064–2110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mamani, J.B.; Costa-Filho, A.J.; Cornejo, D.R.; Vieira, E.D.; Gamarra, L.F. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles coated with lauric acid. Mater. Charact. 2013, 81, 28–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bloemen, M.; Vandendriessche, S.; Goovaerts, V.; Brullot, W.; Vanbel, M.; Carron, S.; Geukens, N.; Parac-Vogt, T.; Verbiest, T. Synthesis and characterization of holmium-doped iron oxide nanopartciles. Materials 2014, 7, 1154–1164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thanh, N.T.K.; Maclean, N.; Mahiddine, S. Mechanisms of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in solution. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 7610–7630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vikram, S.; Dhakshnamoorthy, M.; Vasanthakumari, R.; Rajamani, A.R.; Rangarajan, M.; Tsuzuki, T. Tuning the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles by a room-temperature. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2015, 15, 3870–3878. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baaziz, H.; Tozri, A.; Dhahri, E.; Hlil, E.K. Effect of particle size reduction on the structural, magnetic properties and the spin excitations in ferromagnetic insulator L0.9Sr0.1MnO3 nanoparticles. Ceram Int. 2015, 41, 2955–2962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozel, F.; Kockar, H. Growth and characterizations of magnetic nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions: Reaction time and temperature. J. Magn. Mater. 2015, 373, 213–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klein, S.; Sommer, A.; Distel, L.V.R.; Hazemann, J.-L.; Kröner, W.; Neuhuber, W.; Müller, P.; Proux, O.; Kryschi, C. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as novel X-ray enhancer for low-dose radiation therapy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 6159–6166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, W.P.; Liao, P.Y.; Su, C.H.; Yeh, C.S. Formation of oligonucleotide-gated silica shell-coated Fe3O4–Au core–shell nanotrisoctahedra for magnetically targeted and near-infrared light-responsive theranostic platform. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 10062–10075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Serna, C.J.; Bødker, F.; Mørup, S.; Morales, M.P.; Sandiumenge, F.; Veintemillas Verdaguer, S. Spin frustration in maghemite nanoparticles. Solid State Commun. 2001, 118, 437–440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hummer, D.H.; Heaney, P.J.; Post, J.E. In situ observations of particles size evolution during the hydrothermal crystallization of TiO2: A time-resolved synchrotron SAXS and WAXS study. J. Cryst. Growth 2012, 344, 51–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, D.; Hu, X.; Sun, Y.; Su, S.; Xia, A.; Ge, H. Geothite (α-FeOOH) nanopowders synthesized via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method: Morphology, magnetic properties and conversion to rice-like α-Fe2O3 after annealing. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 27091–27096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilson, D.; Langell, M.A. XPS analysis of oleylamine/oleic acid capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a function of temperature. Surf. Sci. 2014, 303, 6–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grosvenor, A.P.; Kobe, B.A.; Biesinger, M.C.; McIntyre, N.S. Investigation of multiplet splitting of Fe 2p XPS spectra and bonding in iron compounds. Surf. Interface Anal. 2004, 36, 1564–1574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yamashita, T.; Hayes, P. Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008, 254, 2441–2449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, Z.; Wu, T.; Xu, X. Synthesis of reduced grapheme oxide as a platform for loading β-NaYF4:Ho3+@TiO2 based on an advanced visible light-driven photocatalyst. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 13833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Coey, J.M.D. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Baaziz, W.; Pichon, B.P.; Fleutot, S.; Liu, Y.; Lefevre, C.; Greneche, J.M.; Toumi, M.; Mhiri, T.; Begin-Colin, S. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: reproducible tuning of the size and nanosized-dependent composition, defects, and spin canting. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 3795–3810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ho, D.; Sun, X.; Sun, S. Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles for theranostic applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 875–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Köferstein, R.; Walther, T.; Hesse, D.; Ebbinghaus, S.G. Preparation and characterization of nanosized magnesium ferrite powders by starch-gel process and corresponding ceramics. J. Mater. Sci. 2013, 48, 6509–6518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, G.H.; Kim, S.H.; Choi, B.J.; Huh, S.H. Magnetic Properties of needle-like α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH nanopartciles. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 2004, 45, 1019–1024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Veverka, P.; Kaman, O.; Knížek, K.; Novák, P.; Maryško, M.; Jirák, Z. Magnetic properties of rare-earth-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 2017, 29, 035803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Markovich, V.; Fita, I.; Wisniewski, A.; Mogilyansky, D.; Puzniak, R.; Titelman, L.; Martin, C.; Gorodetsky, G. Size effect on the magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic La0.2Ca0.8MnO3 nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81, 094428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Curiale, J.; Granada, M.; Troiani, H.E.; Sánchez, R.D.; Leyva, A.G.; Levy, P.; Samwer, K. Magnetic dead layer in ferromagnetic manganite nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 043106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Osial, M.; Rybicka, P.; Pękała, M.; Cichowicz, G.; Cyrański, M.K.; Krysiński, P. Easy Synthesis and Characterization of Holmium-Doped SPIONs. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060430
Osial M, Rybicka P, Pękała M, Cichowicz G, Cyrański MK, Krysiński P. Easy Synthesis and Characterization of Holmium-Doped SPIONs. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(6):430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060430
Chicago/Turabian StyleOsial, Magdalena, Paulina Rybicka, Marek Pękała, Grzegorz Cichowicz, Michał K. Cyrański, and Paweł Krysiński. 2018. "Easy Synthesis and Characterization of Holmium-Doped SPIONs" Nanomaterials 8, no. 6: 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060430