Experiences and Future Challenges of Bioleaching Research in South Korea
<p>Metal removal efficiencies obtained by chemical (i.e., sulfuric or ferric chloride leaching) and bioleaching using <span class="html-italic">A. ferrooxidans</span>. The results were obtained at optimum operating conditions: pH, 2; pulp density, 2% (<span class="html-italic">w</span>/<span class="html-italic">v</span>); agitation speed, 120 rpm; and, temperature, 25 ± 2 °C. Data obtained from Bayat and Sari 2010 [<a href="#B22-minerals-06-00128" class="html-bibr">22</a>].</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Number of publications related to bioleaching over time. This graph is based on publications presented in the Korean Journal Database (Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Organisms and Mechanisms
3. Methodology
3.1. Compilation
3.2. Classification
3.3. Publications of Bioleaching Over Time
3.4. Authors’ Highlights
4. Bioleaching Research in South Korean Journals
4.1. Microorganisms
4.2. Bioleaching of Mine Tailings
4.3. Bioleaching of Electronic Waste
4.4. Bioleaching of Ores and Metal Concentrates
4.5. Bioleaching of Spent Catalysts
4.6. Bioleaching of Contaminated Soils
4.7. Other Applications
4.8. Molecular Studies
5. Challenges and Prospective of Biohydrometallurgy
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Temp (°C) | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[24] | A. niger | 30 | 2.5–2.7 | −0.5 mm | 21 | Pb: 95 |
Penicillium simplicissimum | - | - | - | - | - | |
[25] | Thiobacillus | 30 | 2.7 | - | 16 | Mn: 97 |
[26] | Sulfobacillus | 60 | 1.5 | −45 µm | 10 | Cu: 85 |
A. ferrooxidans | - | - | - | - | - | |
[27] | Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans | 38 | 1.8 | −80 µm | 150 | Cu: 91 |
L. ferrooxidans | - | - | - | - | - | |
[28] | A. niger | 30 | 4.5–6.5 | - | - | Al: 80–100 |
Zn: 80–100 | ||||||
[29] | A. thiooxidans | 30 | 1.8 | - | 5 | Cu: 99 |
A. thiooxidans | - | - | - | 30 | - | |
[30] | A. ferrooxidans | 40 | 1.8–2.0 | - | - | Co: 96 |
A. ferrooxidans | 40 | 1.8–2.0 | - | - | Mo: 84 | |
A. ferrooxidans | 40 | 1.8–2.0 | - | - | Ni: 99 | |
[31] | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 30 | 7.2 | - | - | Au: 73.2 |
Cortinarius violaceu | - | - | 63–74 µm | 22 | - | |
[32] | A. ferrooxidans | 30 | 1.8 | −15 mm | 30 | As: 90 |
[33] | A. ferrooxidans | 30 | 1.8–2.5 | - | - | Al: 82.1 |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[50] | Ind. bacteria a | Bioleaching/electrokinetics | 10–12 | −2000 μm | 29 | As: 64.5 |
[44] | A. thiooxidans | Mineral source | 2.0 | −177 μm | 20 | - |
[42] | Ind. bacteria a | Bacterial attachment | 3.5 | −841 μm | 20 | - |
[49] | Ind. bacteria a | Leaching feasibility | 4.2 | +2000 μm | 22 | - |
[40] | Ind. bacteria a | Attachment | 3.5 | −841 μm | 50 | - |
[41] | Ind. bacteria a | Attachment | 3.5 | −841 μm | 80 | - |
[45] | Ind. bacteria a | Bacterial adaptation | 2.82 | 1 mm | 42 | - |
[47] | A. ferrooxidans | Surface pretreatment | 1.5 | 10–10 mm | 20 | Cu: 72 |
[51] | A. ferrooxidans | Bioleaching/electrokinetics | −2 | 4 cm | 13 | Cu: 76 |
[48] | A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans | Removal rates in long-term experiments. | 1.8 | +4000 μm | 450 | As: 70 |
[46] | Ind. bacteria a | Effect of bacterial adaptation | 2.6 and 2.8 | −2380 μm | 43 | Cu: 92.79 |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[54] | T. ferrooxidans | Solid concentration | 2.0 | −149 μm | 7 | Cu and Co: 90; Al, Zn, and Ni: 40 |
[55] | A. niger | Chemical vs. biological leaching | 5.5–6.0 | −500 μm | 72 | Cu and Co: 95; Al, Zn and Pb: 15–35 |
[56] | A. niger | Bioleaching and solvent extraction combination | 2.5 | −500 μm | - | Cu: 99.9 |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[58] | T. ferrooxidans | Particle size, pulp density, and Fe concentration | 2.0 | 210–250 μm | 18 | Cu: 78 |
[59] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[60] | A. ferrooxidans | Energy source, initial pH, pulp density, and temperature | 1.0–2.5 | −74 μm | 30 | Cu: 80 |
[61] | A. ferrooxidans | Thermal pretreatment | 1.5 | - | 33 | Ni: 59.18 Co: 65.09 |
[62] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[63] | A. ferrooxidans | Feasibility assessment | 1.5 | 1–9.5 mm | 100 | Co: 10 |
[64] | Ind. bacteria a | Chemical vs. biological leaching | 4.0 | −841 μm | 10 | - |
[65] | Ind. bacteria a | Initial pH and temperature | 4.0, 7.0, 9.0 | −74 μm | 19 | - |
[66] | Ind. bacteria a | Pulp density | 4.4 | −841 μm | 84 | - |
[67] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[68] | Ind. bacteria a | Bacterial attachment | 4.20 | −74 μm | 45 | - |
[69] | L. ferriphilum, Acidithiobacillus caldus | Bacterial attachment | 2.0 | −149 μm | - | - |
[70] | Ind. Bacteria a | Feasibility | 3.2 | - | 28 | - |
[71] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[72] | Ind. bacteria a | Temperature | 2.43 | −841 μm | 16 | - |
[73] | A. ferrooxidans | Feasibility assessment | 1.75 | - | 10 | - |
[74] | A. niger | Strain variations | 3.5 | - | 23 | Cu: 98 |
[75] | A. niger | Manganese supplement | 6.8 | −74 μm | 27 | Ni: 38.6 |
[76] | A. niger | Growth medium | 3.5 | - | 30 | Co: 90; Cu: 70 |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[78] | A. ferrooxidans | Metal concentration | 2.0 | - | 10 | Ni: 97, V: 98, Mo: 18 |
[79] | Acidithiobacillus spp. a | Contact time, Fe(II) concentration, particle size, pulp density, pH, and temperature | 2.0 | −105 μm | 15 | Ni: 90, V: 81, Al: 22, Mo: 20 |
[80] | A. ferrooxidans | Pulp density, particle size, and temperature | 1.8 | 44–105 μm | 10 | Ni: 95, V: 95 |
[81] | A. niger | pH, temperature, inoculum percentage, pulp density, and agitation speed | 5.0–6.0 | - | 30 | Co: 71, Mo: 69, Ni: 46 |
[36] | L. ferriphilum, A. caldus, A. thiooxidans | Particle size | 1.5 | 45–106, 106–212, +212 μm | 36 | Ni: 98, Al: 74, Fe: 85, V: 43, Mo: 45 |
[77] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[82] | A. ferrooxidans | pH | 1.8–2.5 | −210 μm | 10 | U: 82 |
[83] | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[84] | A. thiooxidans | Energy source, inoculum, and temperature | 2.0 | −177 μm | 25 | Pb: 63.3, Zn: 92, Cu: 86, Cr: 71.3 |
[35] | A. thiooxidans, A. ferrooxidans | Nutrients, energy source | 2.3 | −2000 μm | 21 | Pb: 38, Cu: 62, As: 67 |
[34] | Shewanella oneidensis and Shewella algae | Operation time, carbon source | 7.2 | −2000 μm | 28 | As: 63 |
[85] | A. thiooxidans | Energy source, bacterial inoculum, temperature, agitation, and solid concentration | 1.5 | −2000 μm | 30 | Cu: 77, Zn: 82, Pb: 55, Fe: 81, Ni: 6, Cr: 58, As: 48 |
[86] | A. thiooxidans | Sulfur supplementation | 2.3 | −2000 μm | 26 | Cu: 67.6, Pb: 25.8, As: 53.3 |
Author(s) | Material | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | pH | Particle Size | Time (Day) | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[91] | Metal sulfides | A. ferrooxidans | Energy source | 1.8 | - | 25 | - |
[92] | Metal sulfides | A. ferrooxidans | Energy source | 1.8 | −841 μm | 10 | - |
[87] | Dredged sediments | - | Adsorption | - | - | - | - |
[93] | - | Ind. bacteria a | Review | - | - | - | - |
[90] | Lithium batteries | Ind. bacteria a | Energy source | 2.5 | −106 μm | 12 | Co: 80 Li: 20 |
[94] | Industrial waste | A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans, L. ferrooxidans | - | - | - | - | - |
[88] | Mine drainage | Ind. bacteria a | Initial pH | 3.16 | −841 μm | 110 | - |
[95] | Copper smelters dust | A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans, L. ferrooxidans | Pulp density, nutrients, temperature, and amount of pyrite | 1.8 | −74 μm | 35 | Cu: 89.2 |
[96] | Artificial ecology | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[89] | Lithium-ion batteries | A. ferrooxidans | pH and Energy source | 2.0 | −707 μm | 7 | Co: 47.6 |
[47] | Industrial wastes | - | Review | - | - | - | - |
[97] | Realgar bioleaching solution | Caenorhabditis elegans | Reactive oxygen species | - | - | - | - |
[98] | Pyrite | A. ferrooxidans | Mineralization potentials | 1.8 | - | - | - |
Author(s) | Microorganism(s) | Parameters | Leaching (%) |
---|---|---|---|
[105] | T. ferrooxidans | Proteomic analysis | - |
[106] | A. ferrooxidans | Gene expression | - |
[107] | A. caldus | Electrotransformation | Cu: 92 |
[108] | L. ferriphilum | Genome | - |
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Borja, D.; Nguyen, K.A.; Silva, R.A.; Park, J.H.; Gupta, V.; Han, Y.; Lee, Y.; Kim, H. Experiences and Future Challenges of Bioleaching Research in South Korea. Minerals 2016, 6, 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6040128
Borja D, Nguyen KA, Silva RA, Park JH, Gupta V, Han Y, Lee Y, Kim H. Experiences and Future Challenges of Bioleaching Research in South Korea. Minerals. 2016; 6(4):128. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6040128
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorja, Danilo, Kim Anh Nguyen, Rene A. Silva, Jay Hyun Park, Vishal Gupta, Yosep Han, Youngsoo Lee, and Hyunjung Kim. 2016. "Experiences and Future Challenges of Bioleaching Research in South Korea" Minerals 6, no. 4: 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/min6040128