Effect of Initial Position and Crystallographic Orientation on Grain Selection Procedure in Z-Form Selector for Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy
<p>The model of the directional solidification; (<b>a</b>) the coordinate relationship of the casting in the simulation system; (<b>b</b>) the dimensions of the 2D selector; (<b>c</b>) the angle between the thin slice and YOZ plane is 30°; and (<b>d</b>) the FEM mesh for simulation.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The longitudinal section microstructure of bi-crystal in the Z-form selector (a) and local magnification (<b>b</b>) I region, (<b>c</b>) II region, and (<b>d</b>) III region. The black solid line marks the location of the grain boundary, and the dendrite growth direction is marked by the virtual arrow.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The temperature profiles of selector with various withdrawal time. (<b>a</b>) 329 s, (<b>b</b>) 422 s, (<b>c</b>) 492 s, (<b>d</b>) 542 s, (<b>e</b>) 592 s, (<b>f</b>) 642 s, (<b>g</b>) 692 s, and (<b>h</b>) 742 s.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Grain selection process with 30° angle between the thin slice and the YOZ plane. (<b>a</b>) Grain selection process displayed in the longitudinal section and transverse cross section of (<b>b</b>) I, (<b>c</b>) II, (<b>d</b>) III, and (<b>e</b>) IV. The Euler angles of grain at bottom surface A and B were 0°, 0°, 0°, and 0°, 20°, 0°, respectively. The inset in (<b>a</b>) was the crystallographic orientation of bi-crystal shown in the polar figure.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Grain selection process with different angles between the thin slice and the YOZ plane. The angles were (<b>a1</b>–<b>a5</b>) 0°, (<b>b1</b>–<b>b5</b>) 30°, (<b>c1</b>–<b>c5</b>) 60°, and (<b>d1</b>–<b>d5</b>) 90°. Grain selection process displayed in 3D (<b>a1</b>–<b>d1</b>) and transverse cross section of (<b>a2</b>–<b>d2</b>) I, (<b>a3</b>–<b>d3</b>) II, (<b>a4</b>–<b>d4</b>) III, and (<b>a5</b>–<b>d5</b>) IV. The Euler angles of grain at bottom surface A and B were 0°, 0°, 0°, and 0°, 5°, 0°, respectively.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Grain selection process of bi-crystal with various primary orientation; (<b>a1</b>–<b>a8</b>) the crystallographic orientation of bi-crystal shown in the polar figure; (<b>b1</b>–<b>b8</b>) grain selection process with the favorably oriented grain located in an area with more growth space; (<b>c1</b>–<b>c8</b>) grain selection process with the unfavorably oriented grain located in an area with more growth space. The Euler angles of favorably oriented grains were 0°, 0°, and 0°; the Euler angles of unfavorably oriented grains were (<b>a1</b>–<b>c1</b>) 0°, −20°, 0°, (<b>a2</b>–<b>c2</b>) 0°, −15°, 0°, (<b>a3</b>–<b>c3</b>) 0°, −10°, 0°, (<b>a4</b>–<b>c4</b>) 0°, −5°, 0°, (<b>a5</b>–<b>c5</b>) 0°, 5°, 0°, (<b>a6</b>–<b>c6</b>) 0°, 10°, 0°, (<b>a7</b>–<b>c7</b>) 0°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a8</b>–<b>c8</b>) 0°, 20°, and 0°.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Grain selection process of bi-crystal with various secondary orientation of unfavorably oriented grains thorough regulating <span class="html-italic">Φ1</span>; (<b>a1</b>–<b>a6</b>) the crystallographic orientation of bi-crystal shown in the polar figure; (<b>b1</b>–<b>b6</b>) grain selection process. The Euler angles of favorably oriented grains were 0°, 0°, and 0°; the Euler angles of unfavorably oriented grains were (<b>a1</b>–<b>b1</b>) 5°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a2</b>–<b>b2</b>) 15°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a3</b>–<b>b3</b>) 45°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a4</b>–<b>b4</b>) 95°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a5</b>–<b>b5</b>) 120°, 15°, 0°, (<b>a6</b>–<b>b6</b>) 150°, 15°, and 0°.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Grain selection process of bi-crystal with various secondary orientation of unfavorably oriented grains thorough regulating <span class="html-italic">Φ2</span>; (<b>a1</b>–<b>a6</b>) the crystallographic orientation of bi-crystal shown in the polar figure; (<b>b1</b>–<b>b6</b>) grain selection process. The Euler angles of favorably oriented grains were 0°, 0°, 0°; the Euler angles of unfavorably oriented grains were (<b>a1</b>–<b>b1</b>) 5°, 15°, 5°, (<b>a2</b>–<b>b2</b>) 5°, 15°, 10°, (<b>a3</b>–<b>b3</b>) 5°, 15°, 15°, (<b>a4</b>–<b>b4</b>) 5°, 15°, 25°, (<b>a5</b>–<b>b5</b>) 5°, 15°, 45°, (<b>a6</b>–<b>b6</b>) 5°, 15°, and 60°.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>A schematic diagram of the microstructure evolution of grains within selector at different stage; (<b>a</b>) the L–S interface initially enters the selector; (<b>b</b>) the L–S interface advances to the turn of the selector; (<b>c</b>) the L–S interface is, again, advanced to the tilt of the selector.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Initial condition | |
Melting temperature of DD33 superalloy | 1550 °C |
Mold temperature | 1550 °C |
Chill-plate temperature | 40 °C |
Boundary condition | |
Heater temperature | 1550 °C |
Emissivity | 0.8 |
Cooler temperature | 40 °C |
Interface heat transfer coefficients | |
Alloy melt and ceramic shell mold | 200–1900 W (m2 K)−1 |
Alloy melt and water-cooled chill plate | 1000 W (m2 K)−1 |
Ceramic shell mold and water-cooled chill plate | 50 W (m2 K)−1 |
Alloy properties | |
Specific heat | 358–773 KJ/kg/K |
Latent heat | 277.4 KJ/kg |
Thermal conductivity | 6.7–33.2 W/m/K |
Density | 7.63–8.78 g/cm3 |
Order Number | Angle between the thin Slice and the YOZ Plane (°) | Surface Nucleation (Single Crystal Type, Euler Angle) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bottom Surface of A | Bottom Surface of B | ||||||
Φ1 (°) | Φ (°) | Φ2 (°) | Φ1 (°) | Φ (°) | Φ2 (°) | ||
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
2 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | |
4 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
5 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
6 | 45 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
7 | 95 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | 120 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
9 | 150 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
10 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
11 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
12 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
13 | 5 | 15 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
14 | 5 | 15 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
15 | 5 | 15 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
16 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
17 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −20 | 0 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −15 | 0 | |
19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −10 | 0 | |
20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −5 | 0 | |
21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | |
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | |
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
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Guo, Y.; Bao, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, M.; Yang, X.; Zhang, J. Effect of Initial Position and Crystallographic Orientation on Grain Selection Procedure in Z-Form Selector for Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy. Materials 2024, 17, 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081885
Guo Y, Bao J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yang X, Zhang J. Effect of Initial Position and Crystallographic Orientation on Grain Selection Procedure in Z-Form Selector for Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy. Materials. 2024; 17(8):1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081885
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Yuanyuan, Jun Bao, Xuanning Zhang, Mai Zhang, Xiqiong Yang, and Jian Zhang. 2024. "Effect of Initial Position and Crystallographic Orientation on Grain Selection Procedure in Z-Form Selector for Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy" Materials 17, no. 8: 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081885