Assessing Excessive Keratinization in Acral Areas through Dermatoscopy with Cross-Polarization and Parallel-Polarization: A Dermatoscopic Keratinization Scale
<p>Passage of reflected light waves from deeper layers of the skin through a polarizing plate to the observer (human eye) in cross-polarized dermatoscopy.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Passage of reflected light waves from deeper layers of the skin through a polarizing plate to the observer (human eye) in parallel-polarized dermatoscopy.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Schematic representation of dermatoscopic 6-point keratosis scales. Grade I: A lack of hyperkeratosis, with no white structures observed in the furrows and ridges. Small foci of white scale may be found independently of furrows.; Grade II: Interrupted white lines within furrows represent minimal hyperkeratosis, corresponding to focal keratinization. Ridges remain devoid of white structures.; Grade III: Thick white lines within furrows signify moderate hyperkeratosis, indicating keratin masses situated within the furrows.; Grade IV: Thick white lines within furrows denote severe hyperkeratosis, with keratin masses filling almost the entire furrow and occasionally extending beyond, creating jagged edges.; Grade V: Thick white lines interconnected by white bridges depict intensely severe hyperkeratosis, often accompanied by epidermal fissures oriented perpendicular to furrows and ridges.; Grade VI: Besides thick interconnected white lines, the presence of homogeneous yellow areas signifies non-structured keratin masses that have lost typical furrowing seen in acral areas. Clinically, these changes appear cohesive, with epidermal fissures occurring near the yellow keratinized areas.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients Group
2.2. Dermoscopic Evaluation of Keratinization
3. Results
Grade | Dermoscopic View |
---|---|
Grade I | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
Grade II | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
Grade III | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
Grade IV | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
Grade V | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
Grade VI | Foto Finder dermatoscopy, cross-polarization |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, cross-polarization | |
DL-5 dermatoscopy, parallel polarization | |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Calik, J.; Pilarski, B.; Migdał, M.; Sauer, N. Assessing Excessive Keratinization in Acral Areas through Dermatoscopy with Cross-Polarization and Parallel-Polarization: A Dermatoscopic Keratinization Scale. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 7077. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227077
Calik J, Pilarski B, Migdał M, Sauer N. Assessing Excessive Keratinization in Acral Areas through Dermatoscopy with Cross-Polarization and Parallel-Polarization: A Dermatoscopic Keratinization Scale. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(22):7077. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227077
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalik, Jacek, Bogusław Pilarski, Monika Migdał, and Natalia Sauer. 2023. "Assessing Excessive Keratinization in Acral Areas through Dermatoscopy with Cross-Polarization and Parallel-Polarization: A Dermatoscopic Keratinization Scale" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 22: 7077. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227077