Modifications of Nanobubble Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nanobubble Characteristics
3. Construction of Nanobubbles in Biomedicine
4. Nanobubble Modifications against Cancer
Drug/Oxygen/Antibody Delivery Technique | Analyzed Material | Measurement Techniques | Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chitosan nanobubbles with a perfluoropropane core and doxorubicin hydrochloride combined with ultrasound (DOX-NBs + US) | MCF-7 cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells), breast cancer cells, in vitro | Confocal images with Annexin V staining, flow cytometry |
| [54] |
Doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded oxygen core nanobubbles with phospholipid shell | MDA-MB-231 (MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231 cancer cells), HeLa cervical cancer cells, in vitro | Reactive oxygen species assays (ROS), confocal images, fluorescence, DAPI staining |
| [57] |
Paclitaxel-loaded nanobubbles with anti-pro-gastrin-releasing peptide antibody | SCLC (small cell lung cancer), H446 lung cancer cells, in vitro, in vivo | Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemical detection, CCk-8 assay, flow cytometry, cell scratch test, tumor-burden nude mice models |
| [63] |
Targeting nanobubbles conjugated with NET-1 (Neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1) siRNA by shear wave elastography | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2)-bearing mice model, in vivo | Ultrasound, shear wave elastography (SWE), immunohistochemical analysis |
| [67] |
Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) with Lonidamine(LND) liposome nanobubbles (NBs) with perfluorocarbone core in combination with US (C3F8) HMME-LND@C3F8-NBs | HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma) Huh7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, in vitro | CCk-8 assay, intracellular ROS generation detection and mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cell apoptosis assay, measurement of whole transcriptome library, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) |
| [81] |
Chitosan-shelled nanobubble for the delivery of siRNA against Nrf2 in combination with US | M14 melanoma cancer cells, in vitro | Fluorescence microscopy, viability analysis, Western blot, cytofluorometric evaluation |
| [92] |
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives in Cancer Treatment
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AFM | atomic force microscopy. |
ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
ARE | antioxidant response element. |
ASRs | age-specific rates. |
ATF4 | activating transcription factor 4. |
BAPTA | 1:2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid. |
BBB | blood-brain barrier. |
BNBs | bulk nanobubbles. |
BRAF | activating mutations in cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase B-Raf gene. |
CCk-8 | cell counting kit-8. |
DAPI | 4′:6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride. |
DOX | doxorubicin. |
EMT | epithelialmesenchymal transition. |
GCL | glutamate cysteine ligase |
GRP | gastrin–releasing peptide. |
GSH | glutathione. |
GST | glutathione-s-transferase. |
H446 | lung cancer cell line. |
HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma. |
HeLa | cervical cancer cell line. |
HepG2 | hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
HIF1α | hypoxia-inducible factor. |
HMME | hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether. |
HMME-LND@C3F8-NBs | hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether–lonidamine perflurorocarbon nannobubbles. |
HMME-PDT | hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy. |
HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1. |
Huh7 | hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
IL-2 | interleukin-2. |
ISO | international organization for standardization. |
Keap1 | kelch-like ECH-associated protein. |
LND | lonidamine. |
M14 | melanoma cancer cell line. |
MCF-7 | breast cancer cell line. |
MDA-MB-231 | breast cancer cell line. |
MDR | multidrug resistance. |
mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin. |
NB–nanobubble. | |
NET-1 | neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 gene. |
NET-2 | neuroepithelial-transforming protein 2 gene. |
NET-7 | neuroepithelial-transforming protein 7 gene. |
NET-x | neuroepithelial-transforming protein gene family. |
NK | natural killer cells. |
NRF2, Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2 protein. |
NFE2L2 | NFE2 Like BZIP transcription factor 2 gene. |
PDT | photodynamic therapy. |
PLA | poly(lactic acid). |
PLGA | poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). |
ProGRP | pro-gastrin-releasing peptide. |
qRT-PCR | quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. |
ROS | reactive oxygen species. |
RT-PCR | reverse-transcripton polymerase chain reaction. |
SCLC | small cell lung cancer. |
SDT | sonodynamic therapy. |
siRNA | small interfering RNA. |
SNBs | surface nanobubbles. |
SREBP2 | sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2. |
SWE | shear wave elastography. |
TM4SF | tetraspan superfamily gene. |
TME | tumor microenvironment. |
US | ultrasound. |
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Terlikowska, K.M.; Dobrzycka, B.; Terlikowski, S.J. Modifications of Nanobubble Therapy for Cancer Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137292
Terlikowska KM, Dobrzycka B, Terlikowski SJ. Modifications of Nanobubble Therapy for Cancer Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):7292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137292
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerlikowska, Katarzyna M., Bozena Dobrzycka, and Slawomir J. Terlikowski. 2024. "Modifications of Nanobubble Therapy for Cancer Treatment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 7292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137292