Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes
<p>A map with the location of the three lakes and sampling sites.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Rarefaction curves of operational taxonomic units; (<b>b</b>) Venn diagram. The water samples in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, are denoted as JCTXL, JXTXL, JQTXL and JDTXL for Tangxun Lake, JCYZL, JXYZL, JQYZL and JDYZL for Yezhi Lake and JCNL, JXNL, JQNL and JDNL for Nan Lake.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Bacterial community of each lake at phylum level (<b>a</b>) and class level (<b>b</b>); overall bacterial community of each season at phylum level (<b>c</b>) and class level (<b>d</b>). The water samples in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, are denoted as JCTXL, JXTXL, JQTXL and JDTXL for Tangxun Lake; JCYZL, JXYZL, JQYZL and JDYZL for Yezhi Lake and JCNL, JXNL, JQNL and JDNL for Nan Lake.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Obvious different abundance in bacterial taxa at phylum level (<b>a</b>) and genus level (<b>b</b>). The water samples in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, are denoted as JCTXL, JXTXL, JQTXL and JDTXL for Tangxun Lake; JCYZL, JXYZL, JQYZL and JDYZL for Yezhi Lake and JCNL, JXNL, JQNL and JDNL for Nan Lake.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Function prediction of bacterial taxa based on the second level KEGG module by PICRUSt.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>RDA analysis showing the relationships between bacterial communities and nutrient parameters. The water samples in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, are denoted as JCTXL, JXTXL, JQTXL and JDTXL for Tangxun Lake; JCYZL, JXYZL, JQYZL and JDYZL for Yezhi Lake and JCNL, JXNL, JQNL and JDNL for Nan Lake.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
2.2. Determination of Water Quality Indices
2.3. Microbial Community Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Water Properties
3.2. Operational Taxonomic Units, Bacterial Abundance and Diversity
3.3. Seasonal Microbial Community Structure
3.4. Eutrophication Assessment from the Microbial Aspect
3.5. Relationship between N/P Ratio and Seasonal Eutrophication
3.6. Relationships between Bacterial Community and Water Quality
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample ID | Season | COD (mg/L) | TN (mg/L) | TP (mg/L) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tangxun Lake | JDTXL | Winter | 24.28 | 9.16 | 0.35 |
JCTXL | Spring | 26.28 | 6.22 | 0.35 | |
JXTXL | Summer | 34.32 | 9.42 | 0.42 | |
JQTXL | Autumn | 25.11 | 5.56 | 0.33 | |
Yezhi Lake | JDYZL | Winter | 12.14 | 2.38 | 0.21 |
JCYZL | Spring | 15.62 | 2.54 | 0.12 | |
JXYZL | Summer | 15.16 | 3.01 | 0.28 | |
JQYZL | Autumn | 14.22 | 2.43 | 0.22 | |
Nan Lake | JDNL | Winter | 32.38 | 4.18 | 0.18 |
JCNL | Spring | 30.39 | 2.29 | 0.16 | |
JXNL | Summer | 33.45 | 5.16 | 0.28 | |
JQNL | Autumn | 30.54 | 4.75 | 0.19 |
Sample ID | Chao1 | ACE | Simpson | Shannon | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tangxun Lake | JDTXL | 1622.14 | 1722.66 | 0.970521 | 7.85 |
JCTXL | 935.81 | 915.27 | 0.982499 | 7.65 | |
JXTXL | 1309.40 | 1375.19 | 0.984909 | 7.97 | |
JQTXL | 1203.57 | 1152.77 | 0.934474 | 6.80 | |
Yezhi Lake | JDYZL | 940.40 | 985.55 | 0.968654 | 7.04 |
JCYZL | 944.04 | 977.53 | 0.967030 | 7.02 | |
JXYZL | 1469.94 | 1530.30 | 0.990195 | 8.44 | |
JQYZL | 1184.99 | 1239.24 | 0.978945 | 7.52 | |
Nan Lake | JDNL | 990.65 | 1037.55 | 0.954592 | 6.89 |
JCNL | 1232.44 | 1238.85 | 0.989097 | 8.12 | |
JXNL | 1470.83 | 1492.79 | 0.985983 | 8.30 | |
JQNL | 1363.01 | 1374.30 | 0.993332 | 8.78 |
Index | Season | Tangxun Lake | Yezhi Lake | Nan Lake |
---|---|---|---|---|
N/P | Spring | 17.77 | 21.17 | 14.31 |
Summer | 22.43 | 10.75 | 18.43 | |
Autumn | 16.85 | 11.05 | 25.00 | |
Winter | 26.17 | 11.33 | 23.22 | |
AVG | 20.80 | 13.57 | 20.24 | |
TSI | Spring | 84.72 | 70.54 | 71.87 |
Summer | 89.03 | 77.88 | 81.77 | |
Autumn | 83.49 | 74.59 | 78.37 | |
Winter | 87.52 | 74.11 | 77.06 | |
AVG | 86.19 | 74.28 | 77.27 | |
BEI | Spring | 0.14 | 1.24 | 0.15 |
Summer | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.99 | |
Autumn | 0.56 | 5.49 | 0.63 | |
Winter | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.09 | |
AVG | 0.54 | 1.91 | 0.46 | |
BEI’ | Spring | 0.25 | 2.20 | 0.26 |
Summer | 1.62 | 0.74 | 1.46 | |
Autumn | 0.68 | 6.64 | 0.76 | |
Winter | 2.22 | 2.50 | 0.57 | |
AVG | 1.19 | 3.02 | 0.76 | |
Abundance of Luteolibacter (%) | Winter | 0.19 | 3.43 | 12.03 |
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Ji, B.; Liu, C.; Liang, J.; Wang, J. Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136950
Ji B, Liu C, Liang J, Wang J. Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136950
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Bin, Cheng Liu, Jiechao Liang, and Jian Wang. 2021. "Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136950