Responses of Ecosystem Service to Land Use Change in Qinghai Province
<p>Geographic position of Qinghai Province.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Land use situation in Qinghai Province in: (<b>a</b>) 1988, (<b>b</b>) 2000 and (<b>c</b>) 2008.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Ecological service value per unit area of each town (city) in Qinghai Province in 1988 (yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Change of ecological service value per unit area of each town (city) in (<b>a</b>) 1988–2000 and (<b>b</b>) 2000–2008 (yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Sensitivity of ecological service value in Qinghai Province in (<b>a</b>) 1988–2000 and (<b>b</b>) 2000–2008.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Research Method and Data Sources
3.1. Analysis of Land Use Change
3.1.1. Single Land Use Dynamic Degree
3.1.2. Comprehensive Land Use Dynamic Degree
3.2. Method of Ecological Service Value Assessment
3.2.1. Unit Price of the Farmland’s Food Production Service
3.2.2. Unit Prices of Each Ecological Service Function
3.2.3. Regional Ecological Service Value
3.3. Sensitivity of Ecological Service Function to Land Use Change
3.4. Data Source
4. Results
4.1. Land Use Structure and Its Change in Qinghai Province
4.2. Changes in the Economic Value of Ecosystem Service in Qinghai Province
4.3. Sensitivity of Ecological Service Function to Land Use Change
5. Discussion
5.1. Driving Forces of Land Use Change in Qinghai Province
5.2. Main Factors Influencing Ecological Service Change in Qinghai Province
5.3. Response of Ecological Service Value to Land Conversion
5.4. Implications of Land Use Management According to the Sensitivity Analysis
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Type | Secondary Type | Forest | Grassland | Farmland | River/Lake | Desert |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Provision | Food production | 0.33 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.02 |
Raw material production | 2.98 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.04 | |
Regulation | Gas regulation | 4.32 | 1.50 | 0.72 | 0.51 | 0.06 |
Climate regulation | 4.07 | 1.56 | 0.97 | 2.06 | 0.13 | |
Hydrology regulation | 4.09 | 1.52 | 0.77 | 18.77 | 0.07 | |
Waste regulation | 1.72 | 1.32 | 1.39 | 14.85 | 0.26 | |
Support | Soil conservation | 4.02 | 2.24 | 1.47 | 0.41 | 0.17 |
Biodiversity maintenance | 4.51 | 1.87 | 1.02 | 3.43 | 0.40 | |
Culture | Aesthetic landscape provision | 2.08 | 0.87 | 0.17 | 4.44 | 0.24 |
Total | 28.12 | 11.67 | 7.90 | 45.35 | 1.39 |
Primary Type | Secondary Type | Forest | Grassland | Farmland | River/Lake | Desert |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Provision | Food production | 75.08 | 97.84 | 227.53 | 120.59 | 4.55 |
Raw material production | 678.04 | 81.91 | 88.74 | 79.64 | 9.10 | |
Regulation | Gas regulation | 982.93 | 341.30 | 163.82 | 116.04 | 13.65 |
Climate regulation | 926.05 | 354.95 | 220.71 | 468.71 | 29.58 | |
Hydrology regulation | 930.60 | 345.84 | 175.20 | 4270.74 | 15.93 | |
Waste regulation | 391.35 | 300.34 | 316.27 | 3378.82 | 59.16 | |
Support | Soil conservation | 914.67 | 509.67 | 334.47 | 93.29 | 38.68 |
Biodiversity maintenance | 1026.16 | 425.48 | 232.08 | 780.43 | 91.01 | |
Culture | Aesthetic landscape provision | 473.26 | 197.95 | 38.68 | 1010.23 | 54.61 |
Total | 6398.14 | 2655.28 | 1797.49 | 10,318.49 | 316.27 |
Land Use Type | 1988–2000 | 2000–2008 | 1988–2008 |
---|---|---|---|
Cultivated land | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.17 |
Forestry areas | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.01 |
Grassland | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.02 |
Water areas | −0.04 | 0.36 | 0.12 |
Construction land | 0.77 | 4.64 | 2.49 |
Unused land | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 |
Comprehensive dynamic degree | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Ecosystem | 1988 | Change of ESVj | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESVj | Proportion | 1988–2000 | 2000–2008 | 1988–2008 | |
Farmland | 14.35 | 0.91 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.50 |
Forest | 181.66 | 11.54 | −0.12 | −0.11 | −0.23 |
Grassland | 1003.09 | 63.74 | −1.18 | −2.23 | −3.41 |
River/lake | 288.03 | 18.30 | −1.44 | 8.17 | 6.73 |
Desert | 86.56 | 5.50 | 0.08 | −0.1 | −0.02 |
Total | 1573.68 | 100.00 | −2.19 | 5.77 | 3.58 |
Primary Type | Secondary Type | 1988 | Change of ESVi | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESVi | Proportion | 1988–2000 | 2008–2000 | 1988–2000 | ||
Provision | Food production | 45.52 | 2.89 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Raw material production | 55.62 | 3.53 | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.06 | |
Regulation | Gas regulation | 165.12 | 10.49 | −0.14 | −0.21 | −0.35 |
Climate regulation | 183.32 | 11.65 | −0.17 | 0.05 | −0.12 | |
Hydrology regulation | 282.04 | 17.92 | −0.72 | 3.08 | 2.36 | |
Waste regulation | 237.60 | 15.10 | −0.51 | 2.40 | 1.89 | |
Support | Soil conservation | 234.37 | 14.89 | −0.16 | −0.38 | −0.54 |
Biodiversity maintenance | 238.42 | 15.15 | −0.24 | 0.22 | −0.02 | |
Culture | Aesthetic landscape provision | 131.67 | 8.37 | −0.21 | 0.61 | 0.40 |
Total | 1573.68 | 100.00 | −2.91 | 5.77 | 3.58 |
Regions | Increase in Sensitivity | Decrease in Sensitivity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area | Proportion | Area | Proportion | |
Eastern Region | 1.87 | 54.96 | 1.54 | 45.04 |
Qinghai Lake Region | 2.53 | 40.35 | 3.74 | 59.65 |
Qaidam Region | 25.45 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Three Rivers Source Region | 26.03 | 91.77 | 2.34 | 8.23 |
Total | 55.88 | 88.02 | 7.61 | 11.98 |
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Han, Z.; Song, W.; Deng, X. Responses of Ecosystem Service to Land Use Change in Qinghai Province. Energies 2016, 9, 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040303
Han Z, Song W, Deng X. Responses of Ecosystem Service to Land Use Change in Qinghai Province. Energies. 2016; 9(4):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040303
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Ze, Wei Song, and Xiangzheng Deng. 2016. "Responses of Ecosystem Service to Land Use Change in Qinghai Province" Energies 9, no. 4: 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040303