Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities
<p>Most frequent cancers worldwide by incidence and mortality in both sexes in 1990 and 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B2-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">2</a>].</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Age-standardized rate (world) of cancers per 100,000 by incidence and mortality in both sexes in 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>].</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Age-standardized incidence rate (world) of gastric cancer per 100,000 in both sexes in 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>]. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Age-standardized (world) incidence rate of gastric cancer by UN Region in both sexes in 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>].</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Age-standardized incidence rate (world) of gastric cancer by country ranking in both sexes in 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>].</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Distribution of gastric cancer by UN region by absolute numbers in both sexes in 2022 [<a href="#B1-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">1</a>].</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Global distribution of age-standardized 5-year net survival for adults (15–99 years old) diagnosed with gastric cancer in 2010–2014 (both sexes) [<a href="#B3-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">3</a>].</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Subsite distribution of gastric cancer in males in 2013–2017 [<a href="#B4-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">4</a>].</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Declining trend in prevalence of <span class="html-italic">Helicobacter pylori</span> infection by birth year (1908–2003) in a Japanese population. Meta-analysis of 170,752 Japanese [<a href="#B10-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">10</a>].</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Estimated number of new cases of gastric cancer from 2022 to 2045 in both sexes by UN Region [<a href="#B33-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Age-standardized gastric cancer incidence rates (ASR) in 2010 and predicted rates in 2035 in both sexes combined [<a href="#B34-cancers-16-02948" class="html-bibr">34</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Global Descriptive Epidemiological Trends
2.1. Current Trends
2.2. Survival Trends
3. Clinico-Epidemiological Features
3.1. Subsite Distribution
3.2. Epidemiological Trends in Esophagogastric Junction Cancer
4. Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer
4.1. H. pylori Infection
4.2. Tobacco Smoking
4.3. Alcohol Drinking
4.4. Salt-Preserved Food
4.5. Obesity
5. Future Trends
6. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Evidence Level | Risk Factor (Positive Association) | |
---|---|---|
Strong Evidence | Convincing/ established cause | Helicobacter pylori infection (non-cardia) Tobacco smoking |
Probable | Body fatness (cardia) Alcoholic drinks (intake above 3 drinks or 45 g of ethanol per day) Food preserved by salting | |
Limited Evidence | Limited-suggestive | Processed meat (non-cardia) Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish Low fruit intake Low citrus fruit (cardia) |
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Inoue, M. Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities. Cancers 2024, 16, 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948
Inoue M. Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities. Cancers. 2024; 16(17):2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948
Chicago/Turabian StyleInoue, Manami. 2024. "Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities" Cancers 16, no. 17: 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948