Gibbs Free Energy and Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation in Protein–Ligand Interactions
<p>Enthalpy–entropy (<b>A</b>) and enthalpy–free energy (<b>B</b>) correlations for some protein–ligand interactions.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Normal distribution for affinities of protein–ligand interactions expressed as DG° (kJ/mol). The data were obtained from the 2020 version of the Protein Data Bank Database. The survey of data correspond to the period 2010–2020 and included 3025 values.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The fractional protein saturation, Y, as a function of LOG [L]/Kd. Following Equation (6), [L] stands for the ligand concentration and Kd (Kd = L<sub>0.5</sub>) stands for the dissociation constant of the protein–ligand complex.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Normal distribution for human metabolites. The set of data was obtained from the Metabolome Database (2020) and contains 2558 elements from human fluids, including blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid. All the data were expressed as chemical potential, according to the expression DG° = −RT LN 1/[L].</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Gaussian curves for protein–ligand affinities and chemical potential for ligands. Both curves correspond to those shown in <a href="#biophysica-04-00021-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a> and <a href="#biophysica-04-00021-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>. Light curve, protein–ligand affinities, DG° = −RT LN 1/Kd. Dark curve, Chemical Potential for Ligand concentrations, −RT LN 1/[L].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Protein–Ligand Interactions
3.2. Ligand Concentrations “In Vivo”
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Protein + Ligand | ΔH° (kJ/mol) | ΔG° (kJ/mol) | TΔS° (kJ/mol) |
---|---|---|---|
PTP1b + Trivaric acid [13] | −189 | −21.8 | −167.2 |
TCPTP + Mitoxantrone [14] | −31.4 | −33.9 | 2.5 |
Insulin + Protamine [15] | −64 | −28 | −36 |
Human Serum Albumin + BA [16] | −4.5 | −26.3 | 21.8 |
Human Serum Albumin + HxA [16] | −7.8 | −30.1 | 22.3 |
Human Serum Albumin + HpA [16] | −16.6 | −28 | 11.4 |
Human Serum Albumin + OA [16] | −20.3 | −32.6 | 12.3 |
Human Serum Albumin + NA [16] | −27.3 | −35.5 | 8.2 |
Human Serum Albumin + DA [16] | −214.9 | −24.7 | −190.2 |
Human Serum Albumin + PFBA [16] | −33.9 | −28.4 | −5.5 |
Human Serum Albumin + PFHxA [16] | −10.6 | −32.2 | 21.6 |
Human Serum Albumin + Genx [16] | −11.9 | −30.5 | 18.6 |
Human Serum Albumin + PFHpA [16] | −21 | −36.6 | 15.6 |
Human Serum Albumin + PFDA [16] | −23 | −30.9 | 7.9 |
Bovine Serum Albumin + Chloroform [17] | −10.4 | −19 | 8.6 |
Lactate Dehydrogenase + NADH [18] | −31.6 | −28.9 | −2.7 |
Lactate Dehydrogenase + AMP [18] | −16.9 | −14.6 | −2.3 |
Lactate Dehydrogenase + ADP [18] | −21.9 | −14.5 | −7.4 |
Phosphorylase b dimers + AMP [19] | −27 | −20.5 | −6.5 |
Phosphorylase b dimers + AMP [19] | −70 | −25.2 | −44.8 |
Phosphorylase b dimers + IMP [19] | −18 | −16.4 | −1.6 |
Phosphorylase b dimers + IMP [19] | −33 | −18.9 | −14.1 |
Tau protein + DNA [20] | −32 | −41.4 | 9.4 |
L-Arabinose binding protein + L-Arabinose [21] | −62.7 | −36.3 | −26.4 |
Carbonic Anhydrase II + Acetazolamide [22] | −59.5 | −43.3 | −16.2 |
Bovine Serum Albumin + Fenhexamid [23] | −61.6 | −25 | −36.6 |
Bovine Serum Albumin + Ascorbyl Palmitate [24] | 59.2 | −4.75 | 64 |
α1,4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase + UDP [25] | −25.3 | −27 | 1.7 |
α1,4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase + UDP-GalNAc [25] | −8.8 | −24.4 | 15.6 |
α1,4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase + UDP-GlcNac [25] | −8.3 | −24.5 | 16.2 |
Concavalin A + Trimannoside 1 [26] | −55.7 | −31.8 | −23.9 |
Concavalin A + Trimannoside 2 [26] | −46.1 | −26.8 | −19.3 |
α-Crystallin + Histones [27] | −26.3 | −36.5 | 10.2 |
α-Crystallin HS + Histones [27] | −7.6 | −43 | 35.4 |
βL-Crystallin + Histones [27] | −44.8 | −40.3 | −4.5 |
βL-Crystallin HS + Histones [27] | −37.1 | −35 | −2.1 |
γ- Crystallin + Histones [27] | −55.9 | −39.4 | −16.5 |
γ- Crystallin HS + Histones [27] | −65.9 | −39.9 | −26 |
Insulin + G-Quaduplex DNA [28] | −10.8 | −27.7 | 16.9 |
Tubulin-GTP + Stathmin [29] | 7.1 | −40.5 | 47.6 |
Human Serum Albumin + Estradiol [30] | −231.7 | −41.4 | −190.3 |
Holo-Transferrin + Estradiol [30] | −147.2 | −44.3 | −102.9 |
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Jiménez, J.S.; Benítez, M.J. Gibbs Free Energy and Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation in Protein–Ligand Interactions. Biophysica 2024, 4, 298-309. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020021
Jiménez JS, Benítez MJ. Gibbs Free Energy and Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation in Protein–Ligand Interactions. Biophysica. 2024; 4(2):298-309. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020021
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez, Juan S., and María J. Benítez. 2024. "Gibbs Free Energy and Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation in Protein–Ligand Interactions" Biophysica 4, no. 2: 298-309. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020021