Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies
<p>Composite Z500a maps for each FPi during DJF; FP1–FP5 are shown in (<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>), respectively. Panels (<b>f</b>–<b>j</b>) are similar but plot a hemispheric-scale distribution. Green contours plot the DJF climatological Z500 waves 1–3 pattern, drawn at ±75 and ±150 m. Solid contours represent positive values, and dotted contours negative values. The EA region is marked by violet lines in (<b>f</b>–<b>j</b>).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Composite time series of U10a (m/s, solid line) and U100a (m/s, dotted line, multiplied by 5) with respect to the MSSW central date. (<b>b</b>) Same as (<b>a</b>), but for HF100a (K m/s). Values of statistical significance at the 95% confidence level according to the two-sided <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test are highlighted in black. The PRE and POST periods are denoted in the panels.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Composite Z500a maps for each of the PRE and POST periods, shown in (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>), respectively. Note the color bar is different between <a href="#atmosphere-15-00844-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a> and <a href="#atmosphere-15-00844-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>. Green contours plot the DJF climatological Z500 waves 1–3 pattern as in <a href="#atmosphere-15-00844-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>. The EA region is marked by violet lines.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Bar chart for POi for the PRE (dark shades) and POST (light shades) periods. Error bars indicate 95% intervals obtained using the bootstrap method. Circles mean that the POi value exceeds the 95% interval.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Cosine similarity between each FPi pattern and the PRE or POST composite of Z500a. Unfilled markers represent PRE and filled markers POST. Several angles from 0° to 180° are also shown for reference.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>HFa (K m/s) averaged over the DJF days for the five flow patterns (<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>) as indicated. Interval for solid contours is 10 K m/s. Broken contours are drawn at ±1, ±2, and ±3 below 100 hPa, in addition to ±5 K m/s. Negative values are shaded.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(Left column) Time–height sections of Za (averaged poleward of 65°N with area weighting, further weighted with the square root of pressure/1000) composited with respect to the MSSW central date. Panel (<b>a</b>) uses all MSSWs, whereas the rest use (<b>c</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>g</b>) subsets, as indicated. For example, panel (<b>c</b>) uses a subset of MSSWs for which the dominant flow pattern is FP1. The contour interval is 20 m. Color shades denote values of statistical significance at the 95% level according to the two-sided <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test. Panels in the right column (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>,<b>h</b>) are similar, but for HFa (averaged between 45–75° N, further weighted with the square root of pressure/1000). Contour interval is 2.5 K m/s.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Same as <a href="#atmosphere-15-00844-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>, but for the POST period only, when classifying all MSSWs according to the dominant flow pattern in the PRE period. The dominant pattern is denoted in each panel as FPi.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Analyses
2.1. Data
2.2. Analyses
3. Results
4. Summary and Discussion
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taguchi, M. Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 844. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070844
Taguchi M. Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(7):844. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070844
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaguchi, Masakazu. 2024. "Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies" Atmosphere 15, no. 7: 844. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070844